Parts & Functions of a Computer

2 Functions of a Computer

3 Binary Communication Between Hardware and Software

4 PC Hardware Components Outside computer case: input/output devices Inside the case: processing and storage – CPU – most important component Requirements of a hardware device – Method for CPU to communicate with it – Software to instruct and control it – Electricity to power it

5 Hardware Used for Input and Output Connects to computer case by ports (eg, serial, parallel, USB, game, keyboard, mouse) Popular input devices: – Keyboard – Mouse Popular output devices: – Monitor – Printer

6 Ports Physical Interface between a computer and another computers or devices

7 Input Devices

8 Output Devices

9 Hardware Inside the Case

10 Motherboard Components Processing – CPU (most important) – Chip set Temporary storage – RAM – Cache memory Electrical system – Power supply connections Communication with other devices – Traces – Expansion slots – System clock Programming/setup data – Flash ROM – CMOS setup chip

11 The Motherboard

12 The Motherboard ( continued )

13 The CPU

14 The Chip Set Controls most activities on the motherboard Includes several device controllers – USB controller – Memory controller – IDE controller

15 The Chip Set ( continued )

16 Storage Devices Temporary (primary storage, or memory) – Temporarily holds data and instructions while processing them – Faster to access than permanent storage Permanent (secondary storage) – Data and instructions must be copied into primary storage (RAM) for processing

17 Primary and Secondary Storage

18 Primary Storage Devices Memory, or RAM, located on motherboard and other circuit boards – Volatile versus nonvolatile (or ROM) memory Types of boards that hold memory chips – SIMMs – DIMMs – RIMMs

19 RAM Chips

20 Types of RAM Modules

21 Secondary Storage Devices Hard drives CD-ROM drives DVD drives Zip drives Floppy drives

22 Hard Drive

23 EIDE Technology Used by most hard drives, CD-ROM drives, and DVD drives Can accommodate up to four EIDE devices on one system

24 IDE Connectors on a Motherboard

25 IDE Connectors on a Motherboard ( continued )

26 IDE Connectors on a Motherboard

27 Hard Drive’s Power Supply

28 Floppy Drive Connection

29 Floppy Drive Connection ( continued )

30 CD-ROM Drive Connection

31 Motherboard Components Used for Communication Among Devices The data bus – bus is a subsystem that transfers data between computer components inside a computer or between computers

32 Data Bus

33 System Clock Closely related to system time is process time, which is a count of the total CPU time consumed by an executing process.

34 Clock Speed Of motherboard – Measured in megahertz (MHz) Of CPU – Measured in gigahertz (GHz)

35 Expansion Slots

36 Types of Expansion Slots

37 Interface (Expansion) Cards

38 Interface (Expansion) Cards ( continued )

39 The Electrical System Power supply – Most important component of computer’s electrical system – Converts/reduces electricity to voltage the computer can handle – Runs a fan directly from electrical output voltage to cool inside of computer case

40 The Electrical System ( continued )

41 The Electrical System ( continued )

42 Instructions Stored on the Motherboard ROM BIOS (most are flash ROM) – System BIOS – Startup BIOS – CMOS setup

43 ROM BIOS Chip

44 Motherboard Configuration Settings CMOS chip – Stores setup (configuration) information – Powered by a battery on motherboard when power is off

45 Summary Introduction to hardware components of a computer system Initial insight into how hardware works