THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM BY ANDY TILLOTSON AND HOLDEN GJUKA

FUNCTION AND PROCESSES METABOLIC PROCESSES WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCES CHEMICAL REACTIONS AIDS IN TRANSPORT REPRODUCTION, DEVELOPMENT, AND GROWTH

ENDOCRINE GLANDS AND EXOCRINE GLANDS THE 2 PRIMARY GLANDS EXOCRINE GLANDS SECRETE OUTSIDE THE BODY ENDOCRINE GLANDS SECRETE INTO THE BLOOD STREAM

HORMONES HORMONES ARE CHEMICAL SECRETIONS FROM GLANDS THEY ONLY WORK ON TARGET CELLS ELICIT A RESPONSE FROM TARGET CELL CAUSING CHANGE.

MAJOR ENDOCRINE GLANDS THE MAJOR ENDOCRINE GLANDS ARE, PITUITARY GLAND THYROID GLAND PARATHYROID GLANDS ADRENAL GLANDS PANCREAS PINEAL GLAND THYMUS GLAND REPRODUCTIVE GLANDS, (TESTES AND OVARIES)

PITUITARY GLAND AND ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES LOCATED AT BASE OF THE BRAIN UNDER THE HYPOTHALAMUS GROWTH HORMONE, STIMULATES DIVISION OF CELLS PROLACTIN, STIMULATES MILK GROWTH IN WOMEN, UNKNOWN IN MEN THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE, CONTROLS RATE OF THYROID SECRETIONS ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE, CONTROLS SECRETION OF ADRENAL GLAND FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE, BOTH GONADOTROPINS, ONLY WORK ON REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS.

POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE, DECREASES URINE FORMATION. OXYTOCIN, CONSTRICTS UTERINE WALL DURING CHILDBIRTH, AND CAUSES MILK TO BE RELEASED FROM BREASTS

THYROID GLAND LARGE GLAND JUST BELOW LARYNX THYROXINE AND TRIIODOTHYRONINE REGULATE METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES, LIPIDS, AND PROTEINS TRIIODOTHYRONINE IS STRONGER THAN THYROXINE

PARATHYROID GLANDS ON THE POSTERIOR SURFACE OF THE THYROID GLAND PARATHYROID HORMONE, INCREASES BLOOD CALCIUM CONCENTRATION, DECREASES BLOOD PHOSPHATE ION CONCENTRATION

ADRENAL GLANDS/ADRENAL MEDULLA SITS ON TOP OF KIDNEYS TWO PARTS, ADRENAL MEDULLA AND ADRENAL CORTEX EPINEPHRINE AND NOREPINEPHRINE FUNCTION VERY SIMILARLY, CAUSE FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSES

ADRENAL CORTEX ALDOSTERONE, MINERALOCORTICOID, REGULATES MINERAL ELECTROLYTES. CORTISOL, GLUCOCORTICOID, AFFECTS GLUCOSE METABOLISM

PANCREAS LOCATED POSTERIOR TO THE STOMACH GLUCAGON, STIMULATES LIVER TO BREAK DOWN GLYCOGEN AND NONCARBOHYDRATES. INSULIN, STIMULATES LIVER TO FORM GLYCOGEN AND INHIBITS THE BREAKDOWN OF NONCARBOHYDRATES.

PINEAL GLAND LOCATED DEEP BETWEEN CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES SECRETES MELATONIN IN RESPONSE TO LIGHT DECISIONS OUTSIDE BODY, DARKNESS CAUSES MORE MELATONIN, AND THIS HELPS REGULATE CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS

THYMUS GLAND LOCATED IN THE MEDIASTINUM, BETWEEN THE LUNGS SECRETES HORMONES CALLED THYMOSINS, WHICH REGULATE WHITE BLOOD CELLS

REPRODUCTIVE GLANDS LOCATED IN THE GENITAL AREA OVARIES PRODUCE ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE AND TESTES PRODUCE TESTOSTERONE BOTH OF WHICH CAUSE THE DIFFERENCE IN MALES AND FEMALES

REGULATION OF HORMONES ALL 3 WAYS USE A NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM HYPOTHALAMUS DIRECT NERVOUS SYSTEM RESPONDS DIRECTLY TO INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT CHANGES

NERVOUS SYSTEMS CONNECTION TO SECRETION NERVOUS SYSTEM SENDS SYMPATHETIC NERVE IMPULSES, AND SEVERAL GLANDS CAN RESPOND TO THAT DIRECTLY.

STEROIDS AND NONSTEROIDS NON-STEROID, DOES NOT MAKE NEW PROTEINS STEROID, MAKES NEW PROTEINS

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEMS HORMONES ARE REGULATED WITH NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEMS LOOKS LIKE A SINE WAVE HORMONES DO NOT STAY AT HOMEOSTASIS GO ABOVE AND BELOW.

DISEASES HYPOPITUITARY DWARFISM, TOO LITTLE GROWTH HORMONE, NORMAL PERSON, JUST SMALL. GIGANTISM, TOO MUCH GROWTH HORMONE, HAS SEVERAL METABOLIC DISTURBANCES ACROMEGALY, OVERPRODUCTION OF GROWTH HORMONE AS AN ADULT, ENLARGED THINGS SUCH AS HEART, FEET, HANDS, HEAD, THYROID GLAND.

DISEASES CONT. HYPERTHYROIDISM AND HYPOTHYROIDISM, BOTH ARE DISORDERS IN THYROID, HYPO WILL CAUSE STUNTED EVERYTHING IN A CHILD, STUNTED GROWTH, MENTAL RETARDATION HYPERTHYROIDISM CAUSES OVEREATING, RAISED TEMPERATURE, AND INCREASED METABOLIC RATE.

DISEASES CONT. DIABETES MELLITUS, CAUSED BY A LACK OF INSULIN, KILLS CHILDREN WITHOUT INSULIN, BUT WITH INSULIN, LEADS TO DISTURBANCE IN BREAKDOWN OF SUGARS AND EFFECTS BODY PARTS. HAS 3 TYPES OF DIABETES. TYPE 1, NO INSULIN, SEMI RARE TYPE 2, HAS INSULIN, NO RECOGNITION, % OF DIABETES ARE TYPE 2

BIBLIOGRAPHY BLYTHE. THYROID MOM. THYROIDMOM.COM. 16 DEC WEB. KOEPPE & STANTON. BERNE AND LEVY PHYSIOLOGY, 6 TH EDITION MOSBY. ELSEVIER. PRINT. PEARSON EDUCATION PRINT. CARYLYN IVERSON PRINT. ADDISON. WESLEY LONGMAN. PRINT.