How to Integrate Students with Diverse Learning Needs in a General Education Classroom By: Tammie McElaney

Classroom Management Activate Prior Knowledge Provide Clear Goals & Meaningful Strategies SQ3R – Survey, Question, Read, Recite (or Reflect), & Review Provide Pertinent Follow-Up

Behavior Challenges Functional Behavior Assessment (FBA) Procedure for Children with Disruptive Classroom Behavior Process intended to identify the most appropriate and effective interventions Results of FBA can be used to develop a behavior support plan Required by law to support students with behavior problems 3 STEP PROCESS Hypothesis pertaining to underlying function of the problem behavior Hypotheses are tested Interventions are implemented and evaluated for effectiveness

Motivation ALL human behavior is Motivated Students may be motived by the following 8 ways: Status – the need to feel important and valued Inquisitiveness – the need to know Affiliation – the need to feel connected Power – the need to be in control Achievement – the need to be recognized Aggression – the need to assert Gregariousness – the need to be with others Autonomy – the need to be independent

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Things to consider before student is capable of learning

Learning Styles Effective teaching strategies help to engage students in learning, develop critical thinking skills, and keep students on task. Learning Style is an individual's natural or habitual pattern of acquiring and processing information in learning situations. One model of learning style divides learners into three modalities: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. Visual learning is a learning style in which ideas, concepts, data and other information are associated with images and techniques. Auditory learning is a learning style in which a person learns through listening. Kinesthetic learning (also known as tactile learning) is a learning style in which learning takes place by the student carrying out a physical activity, rather than listening to a lecture or watching a demonstration.

Supports, Modifications, and Accommodations Adaptations, accommodations, and modifications need to be individualized for students, based upon their needs and their personal learning styles and interests. Modification: A change in what is being taught to or expected from the student Quantity of work load Changing the curriculum (at a lower level) A test that is changed given at their lower level Accommodation: A change that helps a student overcome or work around the disability Extra time to complete work/tests/quizzes Preferential seating The use of technology or a scribe for written assignments The use of a multiplication chart Graphic organizers Modifications or accommodations are most often made in the following areas: Scheduling, Setting, Materials, Instruction and Student Response

Activate Prior Knowledge Cues – “hints” about what students are about to experience Present Students with Explicit Cues Questions – elicit what they already know about the topic Ask Questions that Require Students to Make Inferences about Content Present Students with Questions that Require them to Analyze What they are Studying in Complex Ways Advance Organizers – organizational frameworks that a teacher presents in advance of learning. Emphasize the essential ideas that the teacher plans to cover in a lesson or unit. Present Students with Expository Advance Organizers Present Students with Narrative Advance Organizers Use Graphic Advance Organizers Use Skimming as an Advance Organizer

Writing Instructional Objectives Benefits: Provide organized goals Assess learning outcomes Tool to achieve consistent results Evaluate if students achieve objectives Helps select instructional materials Using ABCD Method Audience – Describes who is performing behavior (students) Behavior – What do you want students to be able to do Condition – Describe what learner will use, have access to (calculator, graphic organizer) Degree – How well you want them to perform (quality, accuracy, time, speed)

SMART Goals Specific – exactly what is to accomplish by students Goals/Standards are general statements of desired learning Learning Objectives are specific statements Student Centered- Specific learning targets for students Guide lesson planning Specific – exactly what is to accomplish by students Measurable – define acceptable levels of learning - quantifiable Attainable - appropriate level to ensure success of content Realistic - relevant/results oriented – learning outcomes Timely – specific ending point through formative assessment

Bloom’s Taxonomy Bloom’s Ranking of Thinking Skills Knowledge New Version Old Version Bloom’s Ranking of Thinking Skills Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation List, Name, Identify, Show, Define, Recognize, Recall, State, Visualize Summarize, Explain, Interpret, Describe, Compare, Paraphrase, DifferentiateDemonstrateClassify Solve, Illustrate, Calculate, Use, Interpret, Relate, Manipulate, Apply, Modify Analyze, Organize, Deduce, Contrast, Compare, Distinguish, Discuss, Plan, Devise Design, HypothesizeSupport, Schematize, Write, Report, Justify Evaluate, Choose, Estimate, Judge, Defend, Criticize

ASSESSMENT Formative Assessment: The goal of formative assessment is to monitor student learning to provide ongoing feedback that can be used by instructors to improve their teaching and by students to improve their learning. More specifically, formative assessments: help students identify their strengths and weaknesses and target areas that need work help faculty recognize where students are struggling and address problems immediately Examples of formative assessments include asking students to: Discussion Observations Questioning Peer Questioning Journals Homework Summative Assessment: The goal of summative assessment is to evaluate student learning at the end of an instructional unit by comparing it against some standard or benchmark. Examples of summative assessments include: End of unit tests A final project A paper State mandated assessments

Family Engagement It is important for both school and families to work together when working to set and implement goals and objectives for students with problem behaviors Communication is critical between family and school Share resources!