Sports Psychology

Lesson 2 Lesson Outcomes: To recap characteristics of skill and ability Identify the different continuum and understand where and why different skills are placed on it.

Groupings of similar skills together 1-Body (muscular) involvement 2-Environmental requirement 3-Continuity 4-Pacing 5-Difficulty 6-Organisation 7-Interaction Each of these groupings can be thought of as a continuum.

1-Body (muscular) involvement (GROSS – FINE (MUSCULAR CONTROL) CONTINUUM) GROSSFINE GROSS – USE LARGE MUSCLE MOVEMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH STRENGTH ENDURANCE POWER FINE – USE SMALL DELICATE MUSCLE MOVEMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH SPEED ACCURACY EFFICIENCY

2-Environmental requirement (OPEN – CLOSED CONTINUUM) OPENCLOSED OPEN – AFFECTED BY THE ENVIRONMENT WHICH IS ALWAYS CHANGING - REQUIRES PERCEPTUAL MONITORING - MOVEMENT PATTERNS MAY BE ADAPTED TO SUIT THE DEMANDS OF THE SITUATION - HAS NO CLEAR BEGINNING OR END - EXTERNALLY PACED - NOT PREDOMINANTLY HABITUAL CLOSED – NOT AFFECTED BY THE ENVIRONMENT/ THE ENVIRONMENT IS PREDICTABLE - PRELEARNED AND HABITUAL - CLEAR BEGINNING AND END - SELF PACED

3-Continuity (DISCRETE – SERIAL – CONTINUOUS CONTINUUM) DISCRETESERIAL CONTINUOUS DISCRETE - CLEAR BEGINNING AND END - CAN BE PERFORMED BY THEMSELVES WITHOUT LINKAGE TO OTHER SKILLS - CAN BE REPEATED BUT PERFORMER STARTS AGAIN SERIAL - NUMBER OF DISCRETE SKILLS - LINKED TOGETHER INTO A PERFORMANCE CONSISITING OF SEVERAL PHASES CONTINUOUS - CANNOT BE SPLIT INTO SUBROUTINES OR EASILY DISTINGUISHABLE PARTS - BUT LAST A RELATIVELY LONG TIME - AS LONG AS THE PERFORMER WISHES

4-Pacing EXTERNALLY PACED - SELF PACED CONTINUUM) EXTERNALLY PACED SELF PACED EXTERNALLY – PACED SKILLS - THE SPEED AND PRECISION WITH WHICH THE SKILL IS EXECUTED - ARE CONTROLLED BY THE ENVIRONMENT / - OPPOSING TEAMS OR INDIVIDUALS IN A GAME - OR THE WEATHER OR WIND CONDITIONS SELF PACED SKILLS – THE RATE OF ACTION IS CONTROLLED BY THE PERFORMER

5-Difficulty (SIMPLE - COMPLEX CONTINUUM) SIMPLECOMPLEX SIMPLE - STRAIGHT FORWARD SKILLS - FEW SUBROUTINES - REQUIRE LITTLE CONCENTRATION AND COGNITIVE ACTIVITY COMPLEX – COMPLICATED SKILLS - REQUIRE A LOT OF ATTENTION/PRACTICE - THE COMPLEXITY OF WHICH CAN BE PERCEIVED DIFFERENTLY BY DIFFERENT INDIVIDUALS -REQUIRE A LARGE NUMBER OF SUBROUTINES (SOME HABITUAL AND LEARNED) - WHICH AFFECTS THE EASE WITH WHICH THE PERFORMER PERFORMS THE SKILL

6-Organisation (LOW – HIGH ORGANISATION CONTINUUM) LOW ORGANISATION HIGH ORGANISATION SKILLS WITH LOW ORGANISATION - ARE UNCOMPLICATED - SUBROUTINES TEND TO BE DISCRETE - AND MAY BE PRACTICED SEPARATELY SKILLS WITH HIGH ORGANISATION - COMPLEX ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE - SUBROUTINES ARE CLOSELY LINKED - AND CANNOT BE PRACTICED SEPARATELY (SKILL PRACTICED AS A WHOLE) - REQUIRE MORE ATTENTION AND CONCENTRATION TO BE PERFORMED SUCCESSFULLY

7-Interaction (INDIVIDUAL – COACTION – INTERACTION) INDIVIDUAL COACTION INTERACTION INDIVIDUAL – COMPETITIOR PERFORMS ALONE WITHOUT PHYSICAL PRESENCE OF THE OPPOSITION COACTIVE – COMPETITORS ARE PERFORMING AT THE SAME TIME BUT ARE PHYSICALLY SEPARATED ONE COMPETITOR CANNOT PHYSICALLY INHIBIT THE PERFOMANCE (MAY HAVE A PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT ) INTERACTIVE – PERFORMANCE CAN BE CONTROLLED BY THE OPPOSITION HOW WELL PERFOMER PLAYS DEPENDS ON HOW WELL THE OPPONENT ALLOWS YOU TO PLAY.