Cognitive Continuum Theory

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Presentation transcript:

Cognitive Continuum Theory Public Administration and Policy PAD634 Judgment and Decision Making Behavior Cognitive Continuum Theory Thomas R. Stewart, Ph.D. Center for Policy Research Rockefeller College of Public Affairs and Policy University at Albany State University of New York T.STEWART@ALBANY.EDU

Premise I: A cognitive continuum Various modes, or forms, of cognition can be ordered in relation to one another on a continuum that is identified by intuitive cognition at one pole and analytical cognition at the other. Hammond (1996), p. 147 cognitive-continuum.ppt

Premise II: Common sense The forms of cognition that lie on the continuum between intuition and analysis include elements of both intuition and analysis and are included under the term quasirationality. This form of cognition is known to the layperson as “common sense.” Hammond (1996), p. 150 cognitive-continuum.ppt

Premise III: Theory of task structures Cognitive tasks can be ordered on a continuum with regard to their capacity to induce intuition, quasirationality, or analytical cognition. Hammond (1996), p. 180 cognitive-continuum.ppt

Cognition and tasks on a continuum Cognitive continuum Intuition Analysis Quasirationality (“common sense”) Task continuum Intuition-inducing Analysis-inducing cognitive-continuum.ppt

Properties of intuition and analysis (review) Intuition Analysis Based on Hammond, K. R., Hamm, R. M., Grassia, J., & Pearson, T. (1987). Direct comparison of the efficacy of intuitive and analytical cognition in expert judgment. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC-17, 753-770. cognitive-continuum.ppt

Dual systems From: Kahneman, D. and Frederick, S. (2002). Representativeness revisited: Attribute substitution in intuitive judgment. in T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics & Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment (pp. 49-81). New York: Cambridge University Press. See also: Sloman, S. A. (2002). Two systems of reasoning. In T. Gilovich, D. Griffin, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment. (pp. 379-396). New York: Cambridge University Press. Hammond argues (p. 147 ff.) that this dichotomy is not useful, and should be replaced by a continuum. cognitive-continuum.ppt

Elaboration of task-cognition relation

Premise IV: Dynamic cognition Cognitive activities may move along the intuitive-analytic continuum over time; as they do so, the relative contributions of intuitive and analytical components to quasirationality will change. Successful cognition that maintains constancy with the environment inhibits movement; failure and loss of constancy stimulate it. Hammond (1996), p. 192 cognitive-continuum.ppt

Premise IV: Theory of task structures “Oscillation” Hammond (1996), p. 195 cognitive-continuum.ppt

Premise V: Pattern recognition and functional relations Human cognition is capable of pattern recognition and the use of functional relations. Hammond (1996), p. 196 Alternation between the use of multiple fallible indicators and patterns (p. 198). Narrative (p. 200) cognitive-continuum.ppt

Cognitive Continuum Theory (Hammond, 1980) Complexity of task structure Texture of judgment scale, number of cues, vicarious mediation, cue distribution, weights, organizing principle Ambiguity of task content Availability of an organizing principle, task outcome available, familiarity with content, feedforward, feedback Form of task presentation Task decomposition, cognitive decomposition, type of cue data, type of cue definition, response time permitted or implied cognitive-continuum.ppt