Roosevelt & Progressivism The Progressive Era Chapter 22, Section 1

Essential Questions: What factors are necessary to bring about change for the betterment of society? What qualities are necessary for a leader to be effective?

Turn to Page 636 in Text Book!

Nellie Bly (Muckraker) Newspaper Journalist for the NY World Faked Being Mentally ill Uncovered Patients Being Choked & Beaten in Mental Asylums

Nellie Bly Also Wrote About & Exposed: Slums Poor Working Conditions in Factories Problems in Prisons Treatment of the Elderly in Nursing Homes

Problems Caused by Industrialization & Urbanization

Problems Caused by Industrialization & Urbanization

Progressivism Reform Movement to Attack Problems in Society Started by Native Born & Middle Class Americans Believed in the Power of Democracy

Muckrakers Writers & Photographers that Exposed Corruption in American Society (Early 1900’s) Created Public Demand for Reform (Upset the Public) Jacob Riis, Lewis Hine, Ida B. Wells

Lewis Hines’ Famous Pics

Ida Tarbell Female Muckraker Wrote a Book Attacking John D. Rockefeller’s Use of Unfair Tactics to Force Smaller Companies Out of Business Exposed the Evils of Monopolies & Trusts

3 Basic Goals of the Progressives: Reform the Government & Expand Democracy (Political) Promote the Social Welfare of the People (Social) Create Economic Reform (Economic)

What is Patronage? Patronage is Giving Out Jobs to Friends of Yours in Government or Business

Pendleton Civil Service Act (1883) Law Intended to Stop Patronage Made People Take Exams to Get a Job in Government Can’t Fire Employees for Political Reasons You Can’t Fire Workers Because You Don’t Like Them or Their Beliefs

Progressive Goal #1: Reform the Government & Expand Democracy

Direct Primary Citizens Can Now VOTE for Candidates to Run for Office For Democrats 2008 Obama/Clinton/Biden For Republicans 2008 McCain/Giuliani/Romney Party Conventions Used to Pick Who Would Run (Never the Citizens)

Initiative Allows for Voters to PROPOSE a Law Directly Voters Can Propose (Create) a Law for the Town/State/ Country to Vote On Driving Age/ Drinking Age/ Lights on the Track

Referendum A Proposed Law (Initiative) That is Voted on by the People School Budgets Are Referendums: People Vote on Them Annually The Roof/Track/ Lights Were Voted On by the Town

Recall Allows Voters to Vote An Official OUT of Office Governor of California Was RECALLED by Voters: Arnold Took Over! You Can Vote Frankie/ Vincent/Scott/John/Kaylie OUT of Office if You Wanted Through a RECALL! JK! 

Progressive Goal #2: Promoting the Social Welfare (Helping Citizens of the U.S) Address Problems Such As: Poverty Unemployment Poor Working Conditions/Low Pay Child Labor, Etc… Jane Addams – The Hull House

Settlement Houses Settlement Houses Helped the Poor Improve Their Lives: Provided Daycare Allowed Parents to Work Provided Education Taught English Classes to Immigrants Offered Health Care to the Poor Most Famous Settlement House was the Hull House

Jane Addams Jane Addams is the Founder of the HULL HOUSE! Dedicated Her Life to Helping the Poor The Hull House is the Most Famous Settlement House Founded in Chicago (1889)

The Hull House

Florence Kelley Worked at the Hull House with Jane Addams Fought for Higher Minimum Wages Fought for Limiting How Many Hours Women Can Work

Temperance/Prohibition Reformers Who Wanted to Outlaw Alcohol Felt Alcohol Was Ruining Peoples Lives

Progressive Goal #3: Economic Reform Monopolies & Trusts Were VERY Powerful! Rockefeller, Carnegie, Gould & Other Robber Barons Created Trusts Trusts: Purchasing Stock of Your Competitor in the Same Industry Create a Monopoly Raise Prices & Make More $$$

Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) Law Passed in 1890 Made Trusts ILLEGAL! U.S. Did NOT Enforce the Law in the 1890’s Robber Barons Were NERVOUS Lose $$$ if There is Competition

Teddy Roosevelt Famous for Being a War Hero in the Spanish American War (Cuba) Was a Rough Rider Energetic/Good Speaker/Strong/ Active/Outdoorsman People Loved Him!

Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt Was William McKinley’s Vice President in 1900 McKinley Was Assassinated Just 6 Months After Becoming President Roosevelt Became the Youngest President of the U.S. at Age 42 The 1st Progressive President

Roosevelt Attacks the Trusts! “When I say I believe in a square deal I do not mean, and nobody who speaks the truth can mean, that he believes it possible to give every man the best hand. If the cards do not come to any man, or if they do come, and he has not got the power to play them, that is his affair. All I mean is that there shall not be any crookedness in the dealing.” Theodore Roosevelt, Speech on April 5th, 1905

The Square Deal What Did Teddy Roosevelt Believe When He Said, “I Believe in a Square Deal?” Government Should Act Like an Umpire Purpose of Government is to Ensure “Fairness” for ALL Americans

Teddy Roosevelt: Trustbuster Roosevelt Wanted to Break Up ALL of the Trusts! He Used the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to Do It No One Had Followed the Law! (Until Roosevelt) Roosevelt Broke Up 1st the Railroads Trusts, Rockefeller’s Oil Trust & Tobacco Trusts! Broke Up 44 in Total!

Upton SinClair’s The Jungle Muckraker Who Wrote The Jungle Book Exposed the Problems of the Meat Packing Industry Absolutely Gross!

Hayes/D’Ascoli/Gonzalez – Read Upton Sinclair’s Passage from, The Jungle

Meat Packing Industry

Impact of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle Meat Inspection Act: Government Inspects All Meat Sold to the Public Pure Food & Drug Act (FDA): Agency That Inspects All Food & Medicines The Jungle – Huge Positive (+) Impact

Square Deal For African Americans? Roosevelt Believed Discrimination & Segregation was WRONG! Roosevelt Did Nothing for Civil Rights Why NOT? Feared Southern Congressman Would Block Laws in Congress (Hurt Progressive Era)

Conservation Protecting the Environment & Our Use of Natural Resources Roosevelt LOVED the Environment John Muir Was a Muckraker for the Environment

Roosevelt’s Accomplishments for the Environment: Preserved Over 200 Million Acres of Public Land in the United States Established the U.S.’s First Wildlife Refuge at Pelican Island, Florida Doubled (2x) the Amount of National Parks in the U.S.

The Antiquities Act

The Antiquities Act

Essential Questions: What factors are necessary to bring about change for the betterment of society? What qualities are necessary for a leader to be effective?