Franklin Delano Roosevelt The New Deal

Franklin Delano Roosevelt President

From Unemployment to Work

Family Life NY State Senator Assist. Sec. of the Navy 1921 – Struck by Polio – Gov. of New York

FDR – Doing it Differently Use of the Media

First 100 Days FDR set the standard, today each president is judged on it

Women in Government Eleanor Roosevelt Frances Perkins

Brain Trust  A group of unofficial advisors to the president in matters of economics and social reform  most were university professors (experts in their fields)

“Try Anything” If it works, great! If it works, great! If not, try something else If not, try something else (Hoover didn’t do much) (Hoover didn’t do much)

Keynesian Economic Theory John Keynes Two Part Philosophy 1. in bad times – spend $ to help economy 2. in good times – raise taxes to replace $

The New Deal Programs

New Deal Programs 1 st 100 Days = March to June st 100 Days = March to June 1933 The time period FDR requested from the people to let him make a difference The time period FDR requested from the people to let him make a difference 15 pieces of legislation passed during this time 15 pieces of legislation passed during this time Significantly expanded role of gov’t in nation’s economy Significantly expanded role of gov’t in nation’s economy Relief: 1 of FDR’s 3 major goals – he wanted relief given to persons in need by providing them w/ money, loans, & jobs Relief: 1 of FDR’s 3 major goals – he wanted relief given to persons in need by providing them w/ money, loans, & jobs Recovery: 1 of FDR’s 3 major goals – he wanted to provide recovery for business/agriculture by passing laws to get them on their feet Recovery: 1 of FDR’s 3 major goals – he wanted to provide recovery for business/agriculture by passing laws to get them on their feet Reform: 1 of FDR’s 3 major goals – he wanted to establish reform by passing laws to prevent another depression from ever happening again. Reform: 1 of FDR’s 3 major goals – he wanted to establish reform by passing laws to prevent another depression from ever happening again.

reliefrecoveryreform CCC FERA CWA NYA WPA Emer. Banking Act AAA ( I and II) NIRA FCA HOLC PWA FHA FLSA Wagner Act Emergency Banking Act Glass – Steagal Act FDIC SEC SSA

New Deal Programs Why is it relief? Why is it relief? Because it puts people directly on gov’t payroll Because it puts people directly on gov’t payroll Why is it recovery? Why is it recovery? Because it focuses on business & agriculture by passing laws to help those areas get on their feet Because it focuses on business & agriculture by passing laws to help those areas get on their feet Why is it reform? Why is it reform? Because it aims at preventing another depression from happening by passing laws to help with regulation, unemployment, & other social reforms Because it aims at preventing another depression from happening by passing laws to help with regulation, unemployment, & other social reforms

Tennessee Valley Authority

TVA Series of Dams on the Tenn. River System Series of Dams on the Tenn. River System Provided Jobs Provided Jobs Provided Electricity Provided Electricity Increase the standard of living for 3 million people in 7 states Increase the standard of living for 3 million people in 7 states

The Critics of FDR Townsend Long Coughlin

Court Packing By mid 1930s – Opposition to New Deal received boost from 2 Supreme court decisions; NIRA = unconstitutional, AAA should be regulated by states not federal gov’t By mid 1930s – Opposition to New Deal received boost from 2 Supreme court decisions; NIRA = unconstitutional, AAA should be regulated by states not federal gov’t Feb – FDR proposed court reform bill to allow him to appoint 6 new supreme court justices; nicknamed “court packing bill” Feb – FDR proposed court reform bill to allow him to appoint 6 new supreme court justices; nicknamed “court packing bill” FDR got his way w/out bill when elderly justice retired & FDR nominated liberal Hugo Black FDR got his way w/out bill when elderly justice retired & FDR nominated liberal Hugo Black Over next few years FDR able to appoint 7 new justices due to resignations Over next few years FDR able to appoint 7 new justices due to resignations

Legacy of the New Deal

Programs Still Around Today FDIC – Federal Deposit Ins. Corp. FDIC – Federal Deposit Ins. Corp. SEC – Securities Exchange Commission (regulate banking & stock market) SEC – Securities Exchange Commission (regulate banking & stock market) Social Security Social Security National Labor Relations Board National Labor Relations Board Economic Changes Expanded power of gov’t in shaping the economy Expanded power of gov’t in shaping the economy Created federal jobs Created federal jobs Regulated supply & demand Regulated supply & demand Increased gov’t participation in labor disputes Increased gov’t participation in labor disputes Established agencies to regulate banking & investment Established agencies to regulate banking & investment

Changes to the Office of President: president needs to be responsive to people who elect them & actively try to improve thingsChanges to the Office of President: president needs to be responsive to people who elect them & actively try to improve things Changes to the role of government: gov’t should play active role in economy & be responsive to needs of peopleChanges to the role of government: gov’t should play active role in economy & be responsive to needs of people Changes to the face of government – gov’t becomes referee between capitalism & socialism by regulating business & looking out for peopleChanges to the face of government – gov’t becomes referee between capitalism & socialism by regulating business & looking out for people