Reform- Progressives- 1890’s- 1900’s Early programs- young, educated middle class (women)- Early programs- young, educated middle class (women)- Social Gospel- Christians services to poor Social Gospel- Christians services to poor Settlement houses- Jane Adams- community centers, education, health, assistance Settlement houses- Jane Adams- community centers, education, health, assistance Sherman Anti-Trust Act- trusts illegal to interfere with free trade, impossible to enforce Sherman Anti-Trust Act- trusts illegal to interfere with free trade, impossible to enforce 4 Goals social welfare- urban problems-YMCA, Salvation Army- feed poor, provide services, libraries, child care social welfare- urban problems-YMCA, Salvation Army- feed poor, provide services, libraries, child care moral improvement- prohibition (no alcohol), WCTU (women’s Christian Temperance), open kindergartens, visit prisons, women’s suffrage moral improvement- prohibition (no alcohol), WCTU (women’s Christian Temperance), open kindergartens, visit prisons, women’s suffrage economic reform- want govt to regulate business, Muckrakers, end corruption economic reform- want govt to regulate business, Muckrakers, end corruption efficiency- US output more efficient, assembly line efficiency- US output more efficient, assembly line

Muckrakers and Reform Journalist write about issues/ sanitation/ corruption in business and govt. in mass circulation magazines Journalist write about issues/ sanitation/ corruption in business and govt. in mass circulation magazines Ida Tarbell- History of Standard Oil- Rockefellers unfair business practices Ida Tarbell- History of Standard Oil- Rockefellers unfair business practices Upton Sinclair- The Jungle- unsanitary conditions of meat packing industry Upton Sinclair- The Jungle- unsanitary conditions of meat packing industry Lincoln Steffens- The Shame of Cities- political machines and corruption Lincoln Steffens- The Shame of Cities- political machines and corruption

Reform local govt/ State govt Reform mayors (Detroit, Cleveland)/ organize city govt Reform mayors (Detroit, Cleveland)/ organize city govt natural disasters show problems- flood Ohio, Hurricane Texas natural disasters show problems- flood Ohio, Hurricane Texas Convict political bosses of fraud Convict political bosses of fraud Led by governors- Robert La Follette, James Hogg- regulate big business Led by governors- Robert La Follette, James Hogg- regulate big business Limits on work, child labor- national child labor committee Limits on work, child labor- national child labor committee Worker compensation- injury Worker compensation- injury Referendum, recall, initiative- more power to people Referendum, recall, initiative- more power to people Direct election of public officials, senators(17th amendment) Direct election of public officials, senators(17th amendment) Secret ballot (Austrailian) Secret ballot (Austrailian) Supreme court- not always helpful Supreme court- not always helpful

Women and Reform women work- farms, domestic work (other families), industry, teachers, clerks/ office (1890 more women highschool grads) women work- farms, domestic work (other families), industry, teachers, clerks/ office (1890 more women highschool grads) Middle/ upper class women- higher education available- participate in reform movements- work/ living conditions, food/drug laws, education Middle/ upper class women- higher education available- participate in reform movements- work/ living conditions, food/drug laws, education NAWSA- National American Women’s Suffrage association- Susan B Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton- 3 ways- states to grant vote, challenge supreme court, constitutional amendment NAWSA- National American Women’s Suffrage association- Susan B Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton- 3 ways- states to grant vote, challenge supreme court, constitutional amendment

Teddy Roosevelt Rough rider (war of 1898) Rough rider (war of 1898) Governor (NY) then Vice pres “where he could do no harm”, McKinley assassinated (1901) Governor (NY) then Vice pres “where he could do no harm”, McKinley assassinated (1901) Model for future presidents, bold and sure of himself, physically active, tough Model for future presidents, bold and sure of himself, physically active, tough President acts for good of people as long as constitution doesn’t deny it President acts for good of people as long as constitution doesn’t deny it Square Deal- good of common people Square Deal- good of common people Bully Pulpit- influence public opinion, news media, shape legislation Bully Pulpit- influence public opinion, news media, shape legislation

Roosevelt in Action Coal Strike- President joins in- federal arbitration- third party decides best for both Coal Strike- President joins in- federal arbitration- third party decides best for both Trustbusting- filed 44 cases, broke up several trusts Trustbusting- filed 44 cases, broke up several trusts Railroads- regulate further, give power to Interstate Commerce commission Railroads- regulate further, give power to Interstate Commerce commission Protect Citizens, Environment Protect Citizens, Environment Meat Inspection Act Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act- ban contaminated foods, truth in labels Pure Food and Drug Act- ban contaminated foods, truth in labels Raise interest in pollution- 50 wildlife sanctuaries, parks (Yosemite), irrigation projects in west Raise interest in pollution- 50 wildlife sanctuaries, parks (Yosemite), irrigation projects in west Little Racial Progress- NAACP founded- National Association of the Advancement of Colored People Little Racial Progress- NAACP founded- National Association of the Advancement of Colored People

Taft & Progressives Roosevelt’s shadow Roosevelt’s shadow Trust busting- 90 trusts Trust busting- 90 trusts High tariffs, less conservation, lower public opinion High tariffs, less conservation, lower public opinion Republican party splits- conservative/progressive Republican party splits- conservative/progressive Roosevelt returns to politics, progressive party- Bull Moose party breaks away/ split the vote Roosevelt returns to politics, progressive party- Bull Moose party breaks away/ split the vote Eugene Debs- socialism Eugene Debs- socialism Wilson- Progressive Democrat Wilson- Progressive Democrat Taft- conservative Republican Taft- conservative Republican Roosevelt- progressive Republican Roosevelt- progressive Republican

Wilson elected Break up trusts, smaller govt.- New Freedom Break up trusts, smaller govt.- New Freedom Federal Trade Act Federal Trade Act Federal trade commission- monitor business, eliminate unfair business, force co. to stop Federal trade commission- monitor business, eliminate unfair business, force co. to stop Clayton Anti-Trust Act Clayton Anti-Trust Act one co. cannot hold stock of another one co. cannot hold stock of another Labor unions legal/ protected Labor unions legal/ protected Officers of co. held to laws Officers of co. held to laws Reduce tariffs/ bully pulpit (public opinion) Reduce tariffs/ bully pulpit (public opinion) 16th amendment- income tax 16th amendment- income tax Federal Reserve- regulate currency, basis of US banking Federal Reserve- regulate currency, basis of US banking Voting rights Women- Voting rights Women- middle class, educated women- gain support, organize- middle class, educated women- gain support, organize- picket white house, democratic convention picket white house, democratic convention th amendment th amendment no support for racial equality no support for racial equality