Bell Ringer: Write a 2-3-sentence explanation describing America’s actions as an imperial power using each of the following terms: 1. Foraker Act 2. Platt Amendment 3. Protectorate

American Diplomacy Ch. 14- Section 3

Open Door Policy What was the purpose of the Open Door Policy? Main Idea: The United States pursued an Open Door policy to allow all nations access to China’s markets.

What was the purpose of the Open Door Policy? Spheres of Influence Existing Chinese Tariffs remain the same Unchanged railroad and harbor fees pg. 505 Spheres of Influence - Read background pg. 504 - Leaseholds- territory still belongs to China, although the foreign govt. maintains overall control. - Leaseholds become center of Country’s Sphere of Influence - Sphere of Influence- is an area where a foreign nation controlled economic development such as railroad construction and mining. - This control worried U.S. politicians and businessmen -> like President McKinley ad Secretary of State John Hay -They support Open Door Policy= all countries would be allowed to trade with China - Hay writes notes to other countries asking them not to discriminate against other nations wanting business in their sphere of influence -> countries responded supporting the Open Door policy but only would act if others agreed. -> Hay received assurances from all nations with leaseholds, and declared that the U.S. expected the other powers to uphold the policy.

Boxer Rebellion Boxer Rebellion: Secret Chinese societies organized to fight foreign control -> -> Ex: Society of Harmonious Fists= the Boxers Boxers -> Decide to destroy both the “foreign devils” and their Chinese Christian converts = believed they were corrupting Chinese Society Boxer Rebellion: Boxers besieged foreign embassies in Beijing and Tianjin 8 Nations intervene- Including the U.S. Hay convinces other nations not to break up China into European controlled colonies. -> U.S. retains trade! Secret Chinese societies organized to fight foreign control -> -> Ex: Society of Harmonious Fists= the Boxers Boxers -> Decide to destroy both the “foreign devils” and their Chinese Christian converts = believed they were corrupting Chinese Society Boxer Rebellion: Besieged foreign embassies in Beijing and Tianjin - German Ambassador to China gets killed and 8 nations intervene. - 50,000 troops including 3,400 Americans go to China to rescue the foreigners and smash the rebellion. - Hay sends out second set of “Open Door notes” – convincing countries not to partition China/ not to break up China into European controlled colonies -> U.S. Retained trade in tea, spices, and silk and maintained an increasingly larger market for its own goods.

Roosevelt’s Diplomacy Main Idea: Presidents Roosevelt and Taft continued to support a policy of expanding United States influence in foreign countries. Theodore Roosevelt- http://www.glencoe.com/video_library/index_with_mods.php?PROGRAM=978007 8745218&VIDEO=2878&CHAPTER=14 - Was part of the Rough Riders during the Spanish-American War. - Roosevelt favored increasing American power on a world stage. - Americans should care about what happens beyond… - Accepts Anglo-Saxon ideas= U.S. has a duty to shape “less civilized” corners of the earth - Accepts Open Door policy in China = prevent any monopolization of trade there - Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 Election of 1900-President McKinley (pro-imperialist) beats William Jennings Bryan (anti-imperialist). Theodore Roosevelt, a war hero, was chosen by McKinley as a running mate. McKinley gets attacked and dies-> Roosevelt takes over presidency. (Youngest president ever- 42yrs old) Republican leaders had asked him to run with McKinley because of good charisma and didn’t think he’d have much political power-> now worried that he’ll be in control. Main Idea: Presidents Roosevelt and Taft continued to support a policy of expanding United States influence in foreign countries. Theodore Roosevelt - Roosevelt favored increasing American power on a world stage. - Americans should care about what happens beyond… - Accepts Anglo-Saxon ideas= U.S. has a duty to shape “less civilized” corners of the earth - Accepts Open Door policy in China= prevent any monopolization of trade there - Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 - Helped Russia and Japan negotiate-> relations between the U.S. are steadily declining = Both desire greater influence in Asia-> held each other in check through a series of agreements. = Respect territorial possessions , uphold Open Door policy, and support China’s independence.

Panama Canal Hay- Pauceforte Treaty- signed by U.S. and Great Britain 1. Acquire Canal Zone Hay- Pauceforte Treaty- signed by U.S. and Great Britain Gives the U.S. the exclusive right to build any proposed canal through Central America French company sells to U.S. 2. Two canal site considerations: Nicaragua vs. Panama French company sells rights and property in Panama to the U.S. Hay offers Colombia $10 million and a yearly $250,000 1. Rent for rights to construct the canal 2. Control a narrow strip of land on either side of it. Colombia says No = afraid of losing control of Panama and says price is too low. - One of Roosevelt’s most dramatic acts of his presidency was the acquisition and construction of the Panama Canal-> Having a canal was believed to be vital to American power in the World! = saved time and money for commercial and military shipping. 1. Acquire Canal Zone Hay- Pauceforte Treaty- signed by U.S. and Great Britain Gives the U.S. the exclusive right to build any proposed canal through Central America French company sells to U.S. 2. Two canal site considerations: Nicaragua vs. Panama French company sells rights and property in Panama to the U.S. Hay offers Colombia $10 million and a yearly $250,000 Rent for rights to construct the canal Control a narrow strip of land on either side of it. Colombia says No = afraid of losing control of Panama and says price is to low.

Panama Canal 3. Uprising in Panama- Philippe Bunau –Varilla (French Company’s Agent) revolt against Colombia-> Panama needs to make own deal with U.S. U.S. sends warships-> help Panama get independence 4. U.S. and Panama Sign a treaty-> canal can be built! Critics - Roosevelt used unjustifiable aggression against Colombia Roosevelt – “advanced the needs of collective civilization” http://www.glencoe.com/video_library/index_with_mods.php?PROGRAM=9780078 745218&VIDEO=2879&CHAPTER=14&MODE=2 3. Uprising in Panama- Buena –Varilla (French Company’s Agent) revolt against Colombia-> Panama needs to make own deal with U.S. U.S. sends warships-> help Panama get independence 4. U.S. and Panama Sign a treaty-> canal can be built! Critics - Roosevelt used unjustifiable aggression against Colombia Roosevelt – “advanced the needs of collective civilization” - Advance collective civilization by building a canal that shortened the distance between the Atlantic and the Pacific by about 8,000 nautical mies (14,816 km)

American Diplomacy Bell Ringer: 3 min- Finish up worksheets. Take out your books. Go over worksheets.

Roosevelt’s Diplomacy Main Idea: Presidents Roosevelt and Taft continued to support a policy of expanding United States influence in foreign countries. Theodore Roosevelt- http://www.glencoe.com/video_library/index_with_mods.php?PROGRAM=978007 8745218&VIDEO=2878&CHAPTER=14 - Was part of the Rough Riders during the Spanish-American War. - Roosevelt favored increasing American power on a world stage. - Americans should care about what happens beyond… - Accepts Anglo-Saxon ideas= U.S. has a duty to shape “less civilized” corners of the earth - Accepts Open Door policy in China = prevent any monopolization of trade there - Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 Election of 1900-President McKinley (pro-imperialist) beats William Jennings Bryan (anti-imperialist). Theodore Roosevelt, a war hero, was chosen by McKinley as a running mate. McKinley gets attacked and dies-> Roosevelt takes over presidency. (Youngest president ever- 42yrs old) Republican leaders had asked him to run with McKinley because of good charisma and didn’t think he’d have much political power-> now worried that he’ll be in control. Main Idea: Presidents Roosevelt and Taft continued to support a policy of expanding United States influence in foreign countries. Theodore Roosevelt - Roosevelt favored increasing American power on a world stage. - Americans should care about what happens beyond… - Accepts Anglo-Saxon ideas= U.S. has a duty to shape “less civilized” corners of the earth - Accepts Open Door policy in China= prevent any monopolization of trade there - Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 - Helped Russia and Japan negotiate-> relations between the U.S. are steadily declining = Both desire greater influence in Asia-> held each other in check through a series of agreements. = Respect territorial possessions , uphold Open Door policy, and support China’s independence.

Big Stick Policy Roosevelt’s “Big Stick Policy” “Speak Softly and carry a big stick” Displaying American power to the world would make nations think twice about fighting, and thus promote peace. – pg. 507 Intervention? http://www.history.com/videos/roosevelts-big-stick-foreign-policy#roosevelts-big- stick-foreign-policy

American Diplomacy Criticisms Roosevelt Corollary- Teddy Roosevelt- pg. 508-509 Latin America Dollar Diplomacy- William Howard Taft- pg. 509-510 Moral Diplomacy- Woodrow Wilson= pg. 510-511 Mexico- Victoriano Huerta/Pancho Villa/ Guerrillas http://www.history.com/videos/the-most-pancho- villa#the-most-pancho-villa Criticisms