17.3 Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal OBJECTIVE: Understand the reforms of Roosevelt’s Administration

Identify and discuss four ways Pres Identify and discuss four ways Pres. Roosevelt re-defined federal power during his presidency Establishes Square Deal 1902 Coal Strike Trust-busting Railroad Regulation

Roosevelt’s Progressive Presidency

Theodore Roosevelt Governor of NY. Reformer. Hero of Spanish American War. Nominated to be Vice-President by Republican party bosses. WHY?? 1901 Pres. McKinley assassinated, TR becomes President. Creates the “modern presidency” b/c of his popularity with the public and use of media/press. Uses White House as a “bully pulpit”

How did Roosevelt redefine Federal Power? 2. Arbitrates the 1902 Coal Strike Threatened to assume control of mines HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Govt. did not automatically back big business 1. “Square Deal” Roosevelt’s package of reforms Expands the use of federal power to reform US Why was it called the Square Deal?

4. Railroad regulation 3. Trust Busting Elkins Act of 1903 - illegal for railroads to give or receive rebates Hepburn Act of 1906 - strictly limited the distribution of free railroad passes These gave the Interstate Commerce Commission more power to curb the railroads power through federal regulation. 3. Trust Busting Mixed record of success Mixed message - considers some trusts good and other bad. Focused on filing suits under Sherman Antitrust Act of 1902 Filed 44 antitrust lawsuits

Identify and Discuss President Roosevelt’s actions and policies in the areas of: PROTECTING CITIZENS’ HEALTH PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT POSITION ON CIVIL RIGHTS

Roosevelt and REFORM PROTECTING HEALTH 1906: Meat Inspection Act: Dictated strict cleanliness for meat factories (reaction to Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle) What did The Jungle say? 1906: Pure Food and Drug Act

PROTECTING HEALTH 1906: Meat Inspection Act: Dictated strict cleanliness for meat factories (reaction to Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle) What did The Jungle say? 1906: Pure Food and Drug Act Halted the sale of contaminated food and medicines and called for truth in labeling

Roosevelt and REFORM CONSERVATION CIVIL RIGHTS Created US Forest Service Creates over 50 national parks & wilderness areas CIVIL RIGHTS Ambiguous record dealing with Civil Rights Hosted Booker T. Washington at White House, Yet, did not embrace reforms of NAACP What was the goal of the NAACP?

Theodore Roosevelt cartoon "A nauseating job, but it must be done" Upton Sinclair's novel, The Jungle, published in 1906, prompted President Theodore Roosevelt to order an investigation of Sinclair's allegations about unsanitary practices. Roosevelt then used the results of that investigation to pressure Congress into approving new federal legislation to inspect meatpacking. (Utica Saturday Globe) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Stamp--"US Inspected and Condemned" Upton Sinclair's novel, The Jungle, published in 1906, prompted President Theodore Roosevelt to order an investigation of Sinclair's allegations about unsanitary practices. Roosevelt then used the results of that investigation to pressure Congress into approving new federal legislation to inspect meatpacking, including a stamp such as the one shown here for condemned meat. (Chicago Historical Society) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Patent medicine Patent medicine Makers of unregulated patent medicines advertised exorbitant results from using their products. This ad, while warning against "fraudulent claims," asserts that a wide belt can cure a variety of ailments. The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 did not ban such products but tried to prevent manufacturers from making such unsubstantiated statements. (Picture Research Consultants & Archives) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Theodore Roosevelt with John Muir at Yosemite, 1903 In 1903, at Yosemite National Park, Theodore Roosevelt met with John Muir, a leading advocate for the preservation of wilderness. While Roosevelt made important contributions to the preservation of parks and wildlife refuges, he was more interested in the careful management of national resources, including federal lands. (Yosemite Museum) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Report of the National conservation commission. February, 1909 Report of the National conservation commission. February, 1909. Special message from the President of the United States transmitting a report of the National Conservation commission, with accompanying papers ... Ed. under the direction of the Ex SPECIAL MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT TRANSMITTING THE REPORT OF THE NATIONAL CONSERVATION COMMISSION The underlying principle of conservation has been described as the application of common sense to common problems for the common good. If the description is correct, then conservation is the great fundamental basis for national efficiency. In this stage of the world's history, to be fearless, to be just, and to be efficient are the three great requirements of national life. National efficiency is the result of natural resources well handled, of freedom of opportunity for every man, and of the inherent capacity, trained ability, knowledge, and will, collectively and individually, to use that opportunity.

TERMS Theodore Roosevelt Square Deal The Jungle Upton Sinclair Meat Inspection Act Pure Food and Drug Act Conservation NAACP OBJECTIVE: Understand the reforms of Roosevelt’s Administration