Flaked Stone Ground Stone

Cryptocrystalline Obsidian Chert Flint Quartzite Jasper

All Images: Copyright © Tara Prindle 2002, NativeTech: Native American Technology and Art. Internet URL:

Muenster-Buchberg Chert from Bavaria, Germany Cortex

Direct Percussion Direct percussion or simple percussion takes place when the hammer, which can be hard or soft, is applied directly to the piece being worked. Indirect Percussion Indirect percussion is a technique which involves striking a punch-like object with a hammer or percussor. The tip of the punch is rested on the platform of the core at the point intended to receive the blow. It is important to keep the core immobile during the striking process.

Direct percussion or simple percussion takes place when the hammer, which can be hard or soft, is applied directly to the piece being worked.

Francois Bordes replicating blade production by indirect percussion.

Scraper Projectile Point (Arrowhead or Spearhead) Axe

Manufactured by grinding and polishing Variety of raw materials-sandstone, limestone, quartz, etc. Types of Ground stone tools all hand-held stones with a variety of non-specific attributes, such as abrasive wear and faceted sides or edges. Includes manos/metates, edge-ground cobbles, and abraders/polishing stones Also, Hammerstones which are irregularly shaped rocks of “hand gripping size,” selected for their useful size and shape, and are characterized by localized percussion damage on one or more end or edge

Microwear Analysis Microscopic traces of use on tools Residue Analysis Blood left by butchered animals.

Grace, R Interpreting the Function of Stone Tools: The quantification and computerisation of microwear analysis. B.A.R. international series 474.