1 AFTHAP m3a abreviado Luis A. Agudo Fernández AFTHAP CONFERENCE REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PIPE, STEEL CYLINDER TYPE Module 3a: Tests on installed pipeline (summary)

 UNE-EN 805 Standard: Water supply.Requirements for systems and components outside buildings.  Instruction of the Eduardo Torroja Institute for reinforced or prestressed concrete pipes of Septiembre 2007 that follows and meets current European standards. AFTHAP m3a abreviado Standards

 Calculated water hammer: STP = MDP kPa = MDP + 1 atm  Not calculated water hammer the lowest of the following values: - STP = MDP x 1,5 - STP = MDP kPa = MDP atm AFTHAP m3a abreviado Not calculating the water hammer increases pipes, anchorages, enclosures and so, considerably TEST PRESSURE

 Water supply The amount of water that is neccessary to pump in order to hold the pressure for one hour is measured  Pressure loss The pressure loss is measured for one hour AFTHAP m3a abreviado Test methods

AFTHAP m3a abreviado The admissible value of the water supply, at the end of the test, must not exceed the value of DV max V --- volume of the pipeline stretch that is being tested in litres ∆p --- admissible pressure loss, in kPa (20 kPa) E w --- water modulus of elasticity, in kPa ID --- inside diameter of the pipe, in meters e --- pipe wall thickness, in meters E R --- tranversemodulus of elasticity of the pipe wall, in kPa 1,2 --- correction factor (for example for residual air) during the pressure main test Acceptance – reject criteria. Water supply method

 La duración de la prueba de caída de presión debe ser de 1 hora, o de mayor duración si así lo especifica el proyectista.  Durante la prueba, la caída de presión ∆P debe presentar una tendencia regresiva y al finalizar la primera hora no debe exceder de 20 kPa AFTHAP m3a abreviado Acceptance – reject criteria. Pressure drop method

AFTHAP m3a abreviado The test step by step

Type of pipe, material and joint Diameter Pressure Length of the test stretches constrution planning – logistics – temporal occupancy pressure variation inside the stretch water availability – water diversion between stretches leveraging of valves, definitive anchorages and so. hard searching of possible failures AFTHAP m3a abreviado Points of attention

Surge pressures and negative pressures, water hammer Air removal – provisional assembly Pipeline closing and trenche filling Anchorage of special elements (elbows, bifurcations, valves) AFTHAP m3a abreviado Test bulkheads and their anchorages Points of attention

AFTHAP m3a abreviado

 Elements of anchorage laid out and with the proper safety  Air outlets operational (air valves can be removed during the filling of the pipe, not during the test)  Filling that favours, or at least that allows air exit (slow and from the bottom if possible)  Keep the pipe full and with pressure until concrete saturation (see tables of losses)  Control of anchorages during the test AFTHAP m3a abreviado Test of a stretch