Database Development Cycle Track 3: Managing Information Using Database

Objectives –Database planning –System Definition –Requirements collection and analysis –Database design –DBMS selection –Application design –Prototyping –Implementation –Data Conversion and loading –Testing –Operational Maintenance

Database Planning Systems Definition Requirements Collection and analysis Database Design DBMS Selection Application Design Implementation Data Conversion and loading Testing Evaluation & Maintenance Prototyping Life Cycle Source:

Database Planning Current systems evaluation Development of Standards Technological feasability Operational feasability Economical feasability

Requirements Collection and Analysis identifying management information requirements, determining information requirements by functional area, and establishing hardware and software requirements Systems definition Data dictionary Metadata

Database Design Conceptual design Logical design Physical design

DBMS Selection *Costs *Features and Tools *Underlying model *Portability *DBMS hardware requirements

Application design Application program design User Interface design

Prototyping Develop the working model Build the prototype Use and Test the prototype Review the prototype Decision Abandon application Implement Application Redevelop Application Begin new prototype

Implementation The physical realisation of the database and application designs the detailed model is converted to the appropriate implementation model, the data dictionary is built, the database is populated, application programs are developed and users are trained

Data Conversion and Loading & Testing Transferring any existing data into the new database and converting any existing applications to run on the new database Finding errors

Database Evaluation Interviewing and polling users to determine whether any data needs are unmet.

Operational maintenance preventive maintenance (backup) corrective maintenance (recovery)1 adaptive maintenance assignment of access regular monitoring & periodical check up

Data & Database administration Data administration is the management of the data resources Database administration is the management of physical realisation of the database application

Database design methodology A structured approach that uses procedures, techniques, tools, and documentation aids to support and facilitate the process of design. *Conceptual database design *Logical database design *Physical database design

Entity, Attribute, Relationship Client Name Address Postcode Passport Passport No Exp.Data Itinerary Date City Contact Entity Attribute Relationship

Conceptual Design Phase

Basic relationships One-to-One One-to-many Many to many HUSBANDWIFE is married to TRACKPARTICIPANTS belongs to has Track is helds in holds Trainer

Logical design phase 1. REFINE THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL Conceptual E.A.R Model Refined Conceptual Model 2.APPLY THE RULES OF NORMALIZATION Logical Data Model

Refining the Conceptual model Refine the attributes –example: Synonyms Hononyms

Physical Database Design Logical Data ModelLogical Process Model TR Track01 Country Database creation CREATE DATABASE CREATE TABLE LOAD Physical Implementation Process

Critical Success Factors in Database Design Work interactively with the users as much as possible. Follow a structured methodology throughout the data modelling process. Incorporate structural and integrity considerations into the data models. Combine conceptualisation, normalisation, and transaction validation techniques into the data modelling methodology.

Exercise (Conceptual design) List 1 List 2 Track No: 1 Track name: Managing information using Database Participant code Participant name AgePositionCountryAddress Country codeCountry nameParticipant codeParticipant nameTrack name Create a conceptual E.A.R model of the database for the following lists. (List up the necessary DATA ITEMS, set up ENTITIES and their ATTRIBUTES, and identify the relationship among the entities ) List 1 is the list of participants’ information by track List 2 is the list of participants’ information by countries

Answer Zero one or many Just one One or many Just one

Exercise: Primary and Foreign Key Participant code Participant name AgePositionAddressCountry code Country nameCountry code Track nameTrack code Participant code Please identify primary and foreign key. Primary key Foreign key

Answer Participant code Participant name AgePositionAddressCountry code Country nameCountry code Track nameTrack code Participant code