By Kieran Buttrick

How they Work A catalyst converts the hydrogen gas into negatively charged electrons (e-) and positively charged ions (H+). The Electrons flow through a circuit producing electricity while the positive ions flow through a membrane. As they exit the membrane they combine with the split electrons and Oxygen to form water. ety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active ety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

Pros When used as a source of fuel, produces 0 carbon emissions Water used is a renewable resource Twice as efficient as gasoline Easily available in natural gas and water

Cons Redevelop gas stations to provide hydrogen Easiest source of hydrogen is natural gas which is not a renewable resource

Sources of Hydrogen Methanol was selected as one of the first fuels because of its availability, simplicity of storage, high energy density, and ability to be easily reformed. Electrolysis of water using electricity, it is easy to split water molecules to create pure hydrogen and oxygen. One big advantage of this process is that you can do it anywhere. Through Hydrocarbons such as oil and natural gas a reformer can split off a hydrogen atom.

Environmental Effects 0 Carbon emissions from fuel cell use The energy efficiency of a fuel cell is generally between 40-60%, Reforming of fossil fuels does produce carbon dioxide To be truly environmentally efficient the use of hydrocarbon reforming must be eliminated

Cost $5,500/kW in 2002, are one of the major obstacles of its development, The two main uses for hydrogen at the moment are for ammonia production, and to convert heavy petroleum into lighter fuels. 48% from natural gas, 30% from oil, and 18% from coal, water electrolysis accounts for only 4%.