LEFT CLICK OR PRESS SPACE BAR TO ADVANCE, PRESS P BUTTON TO GO BACK, PRESS ESC BUTTON TO END LEFT CLICK OR PRESS SPACE BAR TO ADVANCE, PRESS P BUTTON TO GO BACK, PRESS ESC BUTTON TO END COMPUTER PRESENTATIONS FOR KS3 SCIENCE - CHEMISTRY ©2003, STEVE PARKER COMPUTER PRESENTATIONS FOR KS3 SCIENCE - CHEMISTRY ©2003, STEVE PARKER

1 1 KS3 SCIENCE - CHEMISTRY KS3 SCIENCE - CHEMISTRY Rocks

2 2 STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH

3 3 INNER CORE INNER CORE OUTER CORE OUTER CORE MANTLE CRUST

4 4 STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH A Volcano throws out Magma as hot Lava A Volcano throws out Magma as hot Lava

5 5 TYPES OF ROCK

6 6 Rock formed from lava is called Igneous rock Rock formed from lava is called Igneous rock

7 7 TYPES OF ROCK When lava Crystallises above the surface, Extrusive Igneous rocks are formed, e.g. Basalt When lava Crystallises above the surface, Extrusive Igneous rocks are formed, e.g. Basalt

8 8 TYPES OF ROCK When magma crystallises below the surface, Intrusive Igneous rocks are formed, e.g. Granite When magma crystallises below the surface, Intrusive Igneous rocks are formed, e.g. Granite

9 9 TYPES OF ROCK Igneous rocks are interlocking crystals of different Minerals (Compounds), with larger crystals for intrusive rocks, as they cool more slowly Igneous rocks are interlocking crystals of different Minerals (Compounds), with larger crystals for intrusive rocks, as they cool more slowly

10 TYPES OF ROCK Particles of dead matter, or crumbled pieces of rock, are deposited in lakes or seas Particles of dead matter, or crumbled pieces of rock, are deposited in lakes or seas

11 TYPES OF ROCK The Sediments become layers which pile up on top of one another The Sediments become layers which pile up on top of one another LAYER 3 LAYER 2 LAYER 1

12 TYPES OF ROCK LAYER 3 LAYER 2 LAYER 1 SEDIMENTARYROCK Eventually, the sediments are compacted and cemented by salt crystals to form Sedimentary Rocks, such as Limestone Eventually, the sediments are compacted and cemented by salt crystals to form Sedimentary Rocks, such as Limestone

13 TYPES OF ROCK Some igneous and sedimentary rocks buried deep underground may experience high temperature and pressure, which can create Metamorphic Rocks e.g. Marble Some igneous and sedimentary rocks buried deep underground may experience high temperature and pressure, which can create Metamorphic Rocks e.g. Marble

14 WEATHERING

15 WEATHERING Erosion can be caused by running water Erosion can be caused by running water Or by freezing followed by thawing out, which cracks the rock Or by freezing followed by thawing out, which cracks the rock

16 WEATHERING Heat from the sun causes rock to expand and so to crack Heat from the sun causes rock to expand and so to crack And acid rain attacks the rock Chemically And acid rain attacks the rock Chemically

17 THE ROCK CYCLE

18 THE ROCK CYCLE Lava from volcanoes cools and solidifies to produce Igneous rocks Lava from volcanoes cools and solidifies to produce Igneous rocks

19 THE ROCK CYCLE Lava from volcanoes cools and solidifies to produce Igneous rocks Lava from volcanoes cools and solidifies to produce Igneous rocks These rocks are weathered and eroded by sun, wind, rain and frost These rocks are weathered and eroded by sun, wind, rain and frost

20 THE ROCK CYCLE Lava from volcanoes cools and solidifies to produce Igneous rocks Lava from volcanoes cools and solidifies to produce Igneous rocks Sedimentary rocks are formed when rivers carry the pieces away and deposit them Sedimentary rocks are formed when rivers carry the pieces away and deposit them These rocks are weathered and eroded by sun, wind, rain and frost These rocks are weathered and eroded by sun, wind, rain and frost

21 THE ROCK CYCLE When sedimentary rocks are buried to great depths, the heavy pressure and high temperatures can sometimes create Metamorphic rocks When sedimentary rocks are buried to great depths, the heavy pressure and high temperatures can sometimes create Metamorphic rocks

22 THE ROCK CYCLE When sedimentary rocks are buried to great depths, the heavy pressure and high temperatures can sometimes create Metamorphic rocks When sedimentary rocks are buried to great depths, the heavy pressure and high temperatures can sometimes create Metamorphic rocks These may melt into magma and come out in eruptions These may melt into magma and come out in eruptions