1 Satellite Classification Prof. Arnon Karnieli The Remote Sensing Laboratory Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Sede-Boker Campus 84990, ISRAEL Prof. Arnon Karnieli The Remote Sensing Laboratory Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Sede-Boker Campus 84990, ISRAEL

2 Satellite nameSensor name NOAA AVHRR LandsatMSS Landsat TM LandsatETM+ TerraMODIS TerraASTER TerraMOPITT TerraMISR TerraCERES Several sensors on the same satellite Different sensor’s generations System names

3 1. By orbit Geo-stationary satellites Orbital satellites 2. By mission Meteorological satellites Communication satellites Navigation/Geodetic satellites Reconnaissance satellites Scientific satellites Earth resources satellites 3. By sensor type Frame camera Whiskbroom sensor Pushbroom sensor Satellite Classification

4 Geo-stationary satellites Orbital satellites Classification by Orbit

5 Geostasionary satellites Conditions: Above the Equator Distance: 36,000 km

6 Polar orbital satellites Movie

7 Altitude and Speed

8 Descending - Ascending Descending mode Ascending mode

9 Sun-synchronous orbit - a polar orbit where the satellite always crosses the Equator at the same local solar time. Sun synchronous orbits

10 Other orbits Low-inclination, non-Sun- synchronous orbits Tropics, mid-latitudes, varying sampling Typical altitude 200-2,000 km 40° The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)

11 Classification of meteorological satellites

12 Global Coverage IDOC

13 Global Coverage

14 Global thermal-infrared mosaic

15 Communication satellites

16 Communication satellites

17 Navigation/Geodetic Satellites Geodetic survey satellites accurately measure distance and direction between two points on the Earth's surface

18 Navigation/Geodetic Satellites

19 24 satellites, orbiting 20,000 km above the Earth in 12- hour circular orbits. Global Positioning System (GPS)

20 GPS applications

21 GPS applications

22 GPS applications

23 Reconnaissance satellites

24 ? Corona looks at Kremlin, 1965

25 Red Square Lenin’s tomb Line to view stiff Kremlin wall Gum Dept. Store Corona looks at Kremlin, 1965

26 IKONOS images US downed spy plane in China IKONOS

27 COsmic Background Explorer ( COBE) Scientific satellite

28 Carbon Monoxide Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument aboard NASA’s Terra: carbon monoxide plumes at an altitude of roughly 2 km (700 millibars) in the atmosphere over the Houston area, Texas, USA. Scientific satellite

29 Frame Camera Whiskbroom (across-track) Scanner Pushbroom (along-track) Scanner Satellite Classification by Sensor Type

30 Dwell Time – Whiskbroom Scanner

31 Dwell Time – Pushbroom Scanner