Chapter 9 – The Greek World

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 9 – The Greek World Section Notes Video Greek Achievements The Greek Scholars Maps The Persian Empire The Persian Wars The Peloponnesian War, c. 431-404 BC Alexander the Great’s Empire, c. 323 BC History Close-up The Parthenon Quick Facts Life in Sparta Life in Athens Chapter 9 Visual Summary Images Persia under Darius Phalanx Greek Sculpture Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates

Greek Achievements The Big Idea Ancient Greeks made lasting contributions in the arts, philosophy, and science. Main Ideas The Greeks made great contributions to the arts. The teachings of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are the basis of modern philosophy. In science, the Greeks made key discoveries in math, medicine, and engineering.

Main Idea 1: The Greeks made great contributions to the arts. Greek statues look as though they could come to life at any time, because Greek artists wanted to show how beautiful people could be. Greek paintings are known for their realism and detail. The Greeks made temples with rows of tall columns rounded in the middle so they appear perfectly straight. The Parthenon was their most impressive temple. The Greeks excelled at writing. They created dramas, or plays. The Greeks were the first to write about history.

Main Idea 2: The teachings of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are the basis of modern philosophy. Socrates taught by asking questions, a technique we call the Socratic method. He wanted people to question their beliefs and look for knowledge. This angered and frightened people. He was arrested and condemned to death for questioning the authority of the gods. Plato and Aristotle followed after Socrates in their pursuit for knowledge and deeper understanding.

Plato and Aristotle Plato had been a student of Socrates. Plato created a school, the Academy, to discuss ideas. He also wrote The Republic, which described his ideal society. Aristotle was Plato’s student. He taught about living life in moderation, or balance. He believed moderation was based on reason, or clear and ordered thinking.

Main Idea 3: In science, the Greeks made key discoveries in math, medicine, and engineering. Euclid spent his life studying mathematics, especially geometry. Greek doctors studied the human body to understand how it worked. Hippocrates was a Greek doctor known for his ideas about how doctors should behave. Engineers like Archimedes made great discoveries, such as the water screw, which brought water to the fields.