Ancient Athenian Tragedy Origins, Context, Practice.

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Presentation transcript:

Ancient Athenian Tragedy Origins, Context, Practice

Agenda Discussion What does tragedy imitate? Recap and Update Tragedy: Cultic, political, Social Context Aristotle’s Poetics Further Notes Discussion Is Antigone “Inferior”? 13-Sep-112 Csapo

Discussion What does tragedy imitate?

What does tragedy imitate? How does Aristotle justify imitation? Do you buy his argument?

Thoughts To Gorgias… To Plato…

Recap and Update Tragedy: Cultic, political, Social Context

Main Points Last Time… Tragedy: Ritualized Secularism Dual Focus Mythic, archetypal Contemporary, topical Ambivalent affirmation Tragic Origins Cult, komos, Phallic Procession 13-Sep-117 Csapo

Red-Figure Athenian Vase, 500s BCE Dionysian Masks

Tragic chorus: masked, dancing, singing (ancient vase)

Athenian Dramatic Festivals Rural Dionysia (Dec.) Lenaea (late Jan/Feb, from 440/430-) citizens Anthisteria (Feb) City/Greater Dionysia (late March) anyone (theoric fund) 13-Sep-1110 Csapo Dionysus

Greater Dionysia: Program Dramatic preliminaries Prefest chorus assignments Proagōn “Introduction” Pompē Ceremonies “Showtime” Dithyramb — 10 Men’s choruses of 50 Boys’ choruses of 50 Comedies — 5 Tragedy — 3 tetralogies 13-Sep-1111 Csapo

Tragic Tetralogy Four plays, one playwright 1. Tragedy 2. Tragedy 3. Tragedy 4. Satyr drama Aeschylus’ Oresteia (458 BCE) 1. Agamemnon 2. Libation Bearers 3. Eumenides 4. Proteus 13-Sep-1112 Csapo Citizen judging

Roman Theater of Herodes Atticus Theater of Dionysus Parthenon N Temple of Dionysus Eleutherius Odeon Athenian Acropolis

entry (parodos) skene (stage building) stone seats (dignitaries) theatron (“viewing place,” auditorium, theater) kerkis (“wedge” seating section) orkhēstra (“dancing space” for chorus) Low wooden stage with, steps, skene (from ca. 420 BCE) entry (parodos) wooden bleachers altar Theater of Dionysus ca. 420 BCE

Theater of Dionysus, Athens (from East) 13-Sep-11 Csapo 16

Production: Personnel & Gear Personnel poet poiētēs, “maker” producer khorēgos director didaskalos, “teacher” actors hupokritai chorus, “chorus leader” khoros, koruphaios piper aulētēs Gear, etc. Masks Costumes Music Props Scenery Special effects mekhanē ekkuklēma 13-Sep-1117 Csapo

Aristotle’s Poetics Further Notes 13-Sep-1118 Csapo

Aristotle BCE Student of Plato Philosopher and scholar Systematizer of knowledge 13-Sep-1119 Csapo

Tragic Teleology Purposeful Imitation of action Evolutionary (entelechy) Phallic procession => poetic imitation Improvisation => through- composition rude => refined imitation Genre => genre satyr drama => tragedy proper “tragic” epic (Homer) => tragedy proper 13-Sep-1120 Csapo

Aristotle on Genre Distinctions Tragic Imitative Poetry Dialogic-dramatic Serious-elevated Truth General-philosophic Not Tragic Real Prose Narrative (epic poetry) Low-vulgar (comedy) Truth Specific-historical 13-Sep-1121 Csapo

Tragedy: Definition “Tragedy, then, is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude; in language embellished with each kind of artistic ornament, the several kinds being found in separate parts of the play; in the form of action, not of narrative; through pity and fear effecting the proper purgation (katharsis) of these emotions. By ‘language embellished’ I mean language into which rhythm, ‘harmony,’ and song enter. By 'the several kinds in separate parts,' I mean that some parts are rendered through the medium of verse alone, others again with the aid of song.” (p. 61)

Aristotle’s Uses of Imitation? 13-Sep-1123 Csapo

Perfection of Plot (muthos) Less Good Episodic Simple lacks… reversal (peripateia) and/or recognition (anagnorisis) Better Logical, plausible Complex has… reversal (peripateia) and/or recognition (anagnorisis) 13-Sep-1124 Csapo

Discussion Is Antigone “Inferior”?

If, Then? If Tragedy “philosophically” truthful (pp ) Women (like slaves) inferior (p. 81) Then Is Antigone properly tragic? Is she inferior? Does she challenge Aristotle’s scheme? 13-Sep-1126 Csapo (On action and speech “that manifests moral purpose”): “Even a woman may be good, and also a slave; though the may be said to be an inferior being, and the slave quite worthless”