Paraphrasing: writing effectively in your own words

Me and the Learning Centre You and why you chose this workshop

 Define paraphrasing and describe its place in academic writing  Describe strategies for paraphrasing  Practice strategies for paraphrasing  Reference a paraphrase and a quotation correctly  Describe how to integrate sources into your writing

 Confident:  Not confident:

According to Godfrey (2010) “paraphrasing is when you express ideas and information from your sources in your own way, using your own words” (p. 31).

Godfrey (2010) says paraphrasing is a key to academic writing because it makes it possible for you to: think carefully about the reading write ideas and information from the source in your way to support your ideas

show your lecturer that you have understood what you have read and deepened your understanding express someone else’s ideas in a clearer and simpler way

A good paraphrase:  conveys the same ideas as the original source,  but uses largely different words within a different sentence structure  is relevant to the ideas in your argument  is linked to the rest of the text  is referenced in the text and in the reference list

Quotations 10% Paraphrasing Up to 50-60%

 What type of text is this?  What’s the purpose of the author?  What changes has the writer of the paraphrase made?

 Changing vocabulary  Summarising some of the ideas  Using different sentence patterns  Using less complex vocabulary  Presenting some information in a different order  Referring to the author of the text  Keeping to the original meaning

1.Read the source for the main idea and then re-read it carefully 2.Look away from the text and think about the ideas 3.Start rewriting the ideas 4. Use different words, word order, word form, etc.

5.Return to the original to make sure you haven’t changed the meaning 6.Make sure that the paraphrase is actually supporting the point you want to make 7.Acknowledge the source

 Start with a different word -Culture shock is …. - People experience culture shock when…  Change to synonyms - To make a profit… for financial reasons - For further study ….. for educational reasons

 Change word forms - The environment is changing… -environmental changes are taking place …  Using different linking words - because of …. -as a result of ….

O’Beirne and Verhoef (2004, p. 12) report in their recent study that “physicians thought that most of their patients do not disclose their use or contemplation of use of complementary therapies.”

 Not showing where a paraphrase begins and ends  Not making enough changes from the original source  Changing individual words but keeping the same sentence pattern as the original  Accidentally changing the meaning of the original text

Clearly then, businesses are not isolated from society. Svensson and Wood (2008) show that the two are in fact mutually dependent and that both are responsible for the consequences and effects of the other as part of a constant two- way process. Their model importantly demonstrates that the ethical standards of society are also those of business. Carr’s (2009) argument that business ethics are different and separate from the ethics of other social contexts does not seem to hold true.

 A quotation with the ‘name in’ ◦ According to Barrick (2000) “research has indicated that job satisfaction is linked to regulating emotion” (p.35).  A paraphrase with the ‘name in’ ◦ According to Barrick (2000) studies have found that controlling emotion is connected to job satisfaction.

 Quotation with the ‘name out’ ◦ Another definition describes business ethics as the “principles and standards that guide behaviour in the world of business” (Ferrell et al., 2002, p. 6) Paraphrase with the ‘name out’ - Another definition describes business ethics as the beliefs and criteria that business people use as their use to guide their actions (Ferrell et al., 2002 )

 Define paraphrasing and describe its place in academic writing  Describe strategies for paraphrasing  Practice strategies for paraphrasing  Reference a paraphrase and a quotation correctly  Describe how to integrate sources into your writing

The more you practice paraphrasing the better will you will become