Copyright & Plagiarism By Dr. Bowie

What is Copyright?  Literally right to copy  Benefits the authors/owners Gives them the rights to control their own work after sale  Protects “original works of authorship” that are fixed in a tangible form

What is the History of Copyright?  Granted in US Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 8, the Intellectual Property Clause), which gives Congress the power to enact statutes: To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.  Congress used power first in the Copyright Act of 1790, which has been revised numerous times for things like photographs & more  Today we base our copyright law on the Copyright Act of 1976, with some adjustments including: Sonny Bono Act in 1998: Extended term of copyright protection to life of author plus 70 yrs  Why did this come about? Digital Millennium Copyright Act: focuses on digital copyright issues like software and piracy

What is Copyrighted?  The Intellectual Property of others including: text graphics, music, & cinema  Anything with a copyright & also anything “published” in some form  Things that are not in the public domain  Your image, likeness, and name  Doesn’t need to have the copyright symbol or be officially copyrighted Copyright gives the owner/creator acknowledgment and often money for reproduction of their property

Fair Use  Use is for comment, criticism, scholarship, education & news reporting  Small amount & not the “heart”  Is published and is commercial  Use does not impact market or value  Use is not primarily commercial Try to get as many as possible

Copyleft  Play on the words copyright  License based  Often extends limited (or full) copyright rights to the public, while retaining others  Some restrictions on use of works are removed  Can obtains licenses that allow certain select uses of your work Flickr’s photos Creative commons EFF

What is Plagiarism? “ Plagiarism refers to the unacknowledged borrowing of others’ writing.” (PWO)

What this means:  If the information, idea, or knowledge is not in your own head before doing the research CITE it! Citing means using an in-text citation method (like parenthesis in MLA) and a reference/works cited/bibliography page with full source information at the end of the project or complete footnotes or endnotes

Different Uses: Still Cite!  If you use the exact wording: This is a quote so quote it  Less than 3-4 lines put quotes around it  More than 3-4 lines use block quote form Include in-text and reference information “From the time of the early Greeks, it has often been claimed that dolphins will save humans from drowning or from shark attacks...” (Marinebio.org)

Different Uses: Still Cite!  If you use the general ideas & info, but not the exact words This is paraphrasing.  MAKE SURE you use your own words, if not quote it  You may paraphrase and have some quotes in the paraphrase

Examples of Paraphrasing  Original: “Tursiops truncatus is a distinctly social species, usually traveling in groups of as many as a dozen, but they have been seen in aggregations of several hundred” (Marinebio.org).  Paraphrase: According to Marinebio.org, bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) are social mammals and often travel in large groups.  Paraphrase with quotes: Bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) are a “distinctly social species” and often travel in large groups (Marinebio.org).

Common Knowledge?  If at least 5 sources have the same information this is considered “common knowledge” and doesn’t need to be cited  However if you use the wording of one of the sources cite it  Some people will cite less well known common knowledge to show that it came from outside sources. This if good if: You didn’t know the info before You want more ethos You don’t think it will be common knowledge to your readers “Common Knowledge” is not consistent or the matter is up for debate

Reminder:  If it wasn’t in your head before the research, cite it!  If the information came from any outside source, cite it!  Citing information is more ethical and legal (no stealing and lying) gives credit to the original writers gives your writing more ethos and makes your argument stronger

When in Question: Cite it! (or ask me) For more information on how to cite sources: earch/ or see Kolin chapter 9 earch/ In this class you may use MLA or APA. If you would like to use another method of citation ask permission first.

The End Works cited: “Bottlenose Dolphin.” Marine Biology. Marinebio.org. 2 Nov Steamboat Willie image: Disney Image All other Images from Microsoft Clipart

So what is the difference between copyright and plagiarism?