September 29, 2014 Bob Cooper, Ildiko Horvath

 Next Monday your bibliographies are due in!  Bibliography: A properly formatted bibliography following the academic style most common in the discipline of your major (e.g. MLA, APA, Chicago, etc…) that includes three secondary peer-reviewed sources.

 Chapter 6: Interacting with Texts (p. 104) ◦ Active Reading (p. 105) ◦ Annotating (p. 105) ◦ Scanning/Focused Reading (p. 107)

 Chapter 8: An Introduction to Reading Texts ◦ The Reading-Writing Connection (p. 123) ◦ Kinds of Texts (p. 125) ◦ Academic and Non-Academic Writing (p )

Why?  Support your own point  Disagree with a relevant study  Explain a relevant concept or theory  Compare/contrast findings with others  Include other authors in your “conversation”

 Techniques 1. Summary 2. Precis 3. Paraphrase 4. Direct Quotation 5. Combining Methods

What it includes:  Main ideas or most important points only  Use your own words

When to use it:  Main ideas in a paragraph  Findings of a study  Original is too long to paraphrase or quote How to use it:  Part of a sentence or an entire article

What it includes:  Main points of a work  Same order  Leaves our most sub-points and all detail  Your own words  ¼ to 1/3 of the original in length

When to use it:  Include another writer’s points in your paper How to use it: (See page 23)  Integrate into your writing smoothly

What it includes:  All of the original  Your own words  Structure changed (if possible)

When to use it:  Refer to material directly relevant to your point How to use it:  Small but significant passages

What it includes:  Words and punctuation of the original  Quotation marks

When to use it:  Important material  Memorably phrased or  Difficult to paraphrase How to use it:  Integrate grammatically and smoothly.  Brackets [ ] and ellipsis (…) when needed.

 Summary ◦ Uses main idea(s) ◦ Uses your own words ◦ Omits detail ◦ Is shorter than original  Paraphrase ◦ Includes all the original ◦ Uses your own words ◦ Is about the length of the original

 Direct quotations ◦ Use words of original ◦ Include quotation marks around passage ◦ In general, do not quote directly if  you are citing statistics  you are giving factual information  the passage is easy to summarize or paraphrase ◦ Do quote directly if  the words or phrasing is significant  the source is authoritative  the passage is difficult to summarize or paraphrase

 Combining direct quotations and summary/ paraphrase ◦ Contributes to efficient writing ◦ Stresses significant words  Omitting unneeded words in direct quotations ◦ Use three spaced dots (...) to show one or more words omitted ◦ Use four spaced dots to show words omitted to end of sentence

 Use square brackets […] to indicate changes to a direct quotation  Adding or changing words ◦ To correct grammar ◦ To make stylistic change ◦ To clarify or add needed information

 Read “Some Summary Writing Strategies” on page 25.  Can you think of any other strategies for successful summary writing?  Read “Outline to Summary: an Example” on pages  Is the summary on page 27 successful?  Answer the “Review Questions” together on page 28.

 Complete the quiz.  Make sure you put your name on it because this is how we will take today’s attendance!