Elite and Popular Culture The European World HI203 Dr Rosa Salzberg Pieter Brueghel the younger, Peasant Dance (1607)
Dance at the court of King Henry III, later XVI
Definitions beliefs, customs, rituals, clothing, artworks, literature, performances etc. of non-elites different elites: rulers/aristocracy; urban elites; economic and intellectual elites blurring at the edges
Courtly Culture Shift of power towards ruler Centre for patronage, preferment, cultural life Competitions in magnificence
Palais du Louvre, Paris Place des Vosges, Paris
Pierre Patel, Palace of Versailles, 1668
The “civilising process” (Norbert Elias) Refinement of manners and etiquette Elaborate rituals and behaviour
Lineage, prestige, status Conspicuous consumption Dissociation from manual labour/trade Humanist education Lorenzo Lotto, Portrait of Andrea Odoni, 1527
Definitions who are ‘the people’? differences of wealth, education, gender, age, religion
Studying Popular Culture ‘an elusive quarry’ (P. Burke) ‘a lost Atlantis’ (R. Muchembled) oblique access through ‘brokers’/mediators NB. problem of sources as ‘filters’
Interactions New work in the 60s and 70s Influence of anthropology and sociology eg. Natalie Zemon Davis
Peter Burke, Popular Culture in Early Modern Europe (1978) ‘great’ and ‘little’ traditions elites participate in both, “people” only in little tradition
Carlo Ginzburg The Cheese and the Worms (English trans. 1980) focus on circularity and appropriation Microhistory of Menocchio the miller active appropriation from elite culture “a total, unified culture, rather than some kind of fractured 'two-tier' entity” (R. Scribner)
The Court Protecting and enclosing the prince Connecting to the outside Presence of artists, craftsmen, performers
The Globe Theatre
Shakespeare
Ludovico Ariosto’s Orlando furioso
Change growing division between popular and elite? ‘Triumph of Lent’ over carnival (Burke) Protestant and Catholic reform of popular practices attempts to control spaces like piazzas, streets, alehouses
Pieter Breughel the elder, Peasant Wedding (1567-8)
Gentile Bellini, Procession in St. Mark’s Square (1496)
Change growing division between popular and elite ‘Triumph of Lent’ over carnival (Burke) Protestant and Catholic reform of popular practices attempts to control spaces like piazzas, streets, alehouses BUT elites still participate popular culture could be conservative
Rough music/ charivari
Role of print ‘popular print’ eg. ballads, almanachs, chapbooks, prints blurred boundaries, encouraged interchange stemmed by censorship, regulation but new opportunities to express and preserve popular culture
1) other factors 2) not inherently rebellious 3) look for connections 4) changes over the period