Honors Lit. 11 Vocab. Journal 2 nd Qtr. - Grammar Review

Grammar Topics Covered this Qtr.  Objective:  To improve writing for the purpose of the Writing ACT Test, college placement tests, college application essays, scholarship applications, and resumes  Capitalization Rules  Punctuation with Quotes  Underlining and Italics vs. Quotation Marks for Titles  Commas  Semi-Colons & Colons  Dashes  Prepositions  Subject-Verb Agreement

11/1/11 Capitalization Rules… 1.Capitalize the first word of a quoted sentence, even if in the middle of a regular sentence.  As I was walking down the street, I heard someone say, “Would you please speed up!”  He said, "Treat her as you would your own daughter." 2.Capitalize a person's title when it precedes the name. Do not capitalize when the title is acting as a description following the name.  Chairperson Miller  Ms. Miller, the chairperson of the company, will address us at noon. 3.Capitalize the person's title when it follows the name on the address or signature line.  Sincerely, Ms. Haines, Chairperson 4.Capitalize the titles of high-ranking government officials when used before their names. Do not capitalize the title if it is used instead of the name.  The president will address Congress.  President Obama will address Congress. 5.Capitalize words derived from proper nouns.  I must take English and math. (English is capitalized because it comes from the proper noun England.) 6.Capitalize academic degrees and professional designations.  I received my Master’s Degree in secondary education from The University of Toledo, and my Bachelor’s Degree in journalism and English from The Ohio State University.

11/1/11 Capitalization Rules… 7.Capitalize any title when used as a direct address.  Will you take my temperature, Doctor? 8.Capitalize points of the compass only when they refer to specific regions.  We have had three relatives visit from the South.  Go south three blocks and then turn left. 9.Always capitalize the first and last words of titles of publications regardless of their parts of speech. Capitalize other words within titles, including the short verb forms Is, Are, and Be. *Do not capitalize little words within titles such as: a, an, the, but, as, if, and, or, nor, or prepositions, regardless of their length.  The Day of the Jackal  What Color Is Your Parachute?  A Tale of Two Cities 10.Capitalize family words such as mom, dad, mother, father, aunt, uncle, grandmother, grandfather, etc. only when replacing their name.  My mom gave me a ride to the school.  I can only go if my mom gives me a ride to school.  I can only go if Mom gives me a ride to school.

11/2/11 Capitalization Rules… 11.Capitalize federal or state when used as part of an official agency name or in government documents where these terms represent an official name. If they are being used as general terms, you may use lowercase letters.  The state has evidence to the contrary.  That is a federal offense.  The State Board of Equalization collects sales taxes.  The Federal Bureau of Investigation has been subject to much scrutiny and criticism lately. 12.You may capitalize words such as department, bureau, and office if you are using them as a title.  The Bureau of Land Management has some jurisdiction over Indian lands.  The Bureau is finding its administrative role to be challenging.  I would prefer to work for a bureau instead of a small office. 13.Do not capitalize names of seasons.  I love autumn colors and spring flowers. 14.Capitalize the first word of a salutation and the first word of a complimentary close.  Dear Ms. Moen:  Very truly yours,

11/2/11 Capitalization Rules… 15.Capitalize a proper noun.  Golden Gate Bridge 16.Capitalize the names of specific course titles.  I must take history and Algebra After a sentence ending with a colon, do not capitalize the first word if it begins a list.  These are my favorite foods: chocolate cake, spaghetti, and artichokes. 18.Do not capitalize when only one sentence follows a sentence ending with a colon.  I love Jane Smith’s writing: her book, A Thousand Acres, was inspiring. 19.Capitalize when two or more sentences follow a sentence ending with a colon.  I love Jane Smith’s writing: Her book, A Thousand Acres, was inspiring. Also, Moo was clever.

11/3/11 Capitalization Practice Rewrite each sentence correcting the errors. 1.dr. goldberger traveled through the southern part of pennsylvania to get to the conference on victorian poetry. 2.“wait," he said, “until the huskies have won a few games.“ 3.the secretary of the society of concerned students wrote to the ambassador of south africa. 4.mark somehow managed to get an a in his physics course; but he failed history news of the grant was announced by president chauncey bedouin, who used to be president of breadwidth university. 6.sarah yelled, “my dog ate my homework,” making her math teacher quite angry. 7.the title of the book we read in english last year is, their eyes were watching god. this year, we are reading what color are your eyes?

11/4/11 Capitalization Practice Answers 1.Dr. Goldberger traveled through the southern part of Pennsylvania to get to the conference on Victorian poetry. 2.“Wait," he said, “until the Huskies have won a few games." 3.The secretary of the Society of Concerned Students wrote to the ambassador of South Africa. 4.Mark somehow managed to get an A in his physics course; but he failed History News of the grant was announced by President Chauncey Bedouin, who used to be president of Breadwidth University. 6.Sarah yelled, “My dog ate my homework,” making her math teacher quite angry. 7.The title of the book we read in English last year is, Their Eyes Were Watching God. This year, we are reading What Color Are Your Eyes?

11/9/11 Capitalization Practice #2 1.mr. hanes, chairman of the society, is planning on addressing the media at noon today. 2.the president arrived just in time for congress to deliver their stance on the issue. 3.she will be a good candidate for the opening, as she has a master’s degree in business administration. 4.can you tell me why i feel so tired, doctor? 5.once spring arrives, i want to spend all of my time outside. 6.the state teachers retirement system is losing money on an annual basis. 7.my dad told me a story about when he was younger and in a similar situation. 8.i don’t know if dad realizes the situation he will be in if he takes the job at yale university.

11/9/11 Capitalization Practice #2 Answers 1.Mr. Hanes, chairman of the society, is planning on addressing the media at noon today. 2.The president arrived just in time for Congress to deliver their stance on the issue. 3.She will be a good candidate for the opening, as she has a Master’s Degree in business administration. 4.Can you tell me why I feel so tired, Doctor? 5.Once spring arrives, I want to spend all of my time outside. 6.The State Teachers Retirement System is losing money on an annual basis. 7.My dad told me a story about when he was younger and in a similar situation. 8.I don’t know if Dad realizes the situation he will be in if he takes the job at Yale University.

11/16/11 Capitalization Practice #3  Choose ten different capitalization rules to practice.  Write one sentence for each rule, utilizing the rule in some way.  Place your rule # in parenthesis after each sentence.  Keep in your binder, for a possible collection later in the quarter.

11/17/11 Punctuating Quotation Marks  The following rules and practices apply to direct quotations only  Direct quotations involve incorporating another person's exact words into your own writing.  Indirect quotations are not exact wordings but rather rephrasing's or summaries of another person's words. In this case, it is not necessary to use quotation marks. However, indirect quotations still require proper citations, and you will be committing plagiarism if you fail to do so.

11/17/11- Punctuating Quotation Marks 1.Periods and commas always go inside quotation marks, even inside single quotes. The only exception is if the quote ends a sentence and there is a citation following.  The sign changed from "Walk," to "Don't Walk," to "Walk" again within 30 seconds.  She said, "Hurry up."  She said, "He said, 'Hurry up.'"  According to the narrator, “He didn’t feel guilt for his actions any longer” (Poe 37). 2.The placement of question marks with quotes follows logic. If a question is in quotation marks, the question mark should be placed inside the quotation marks. If the sentence itself is a question, but the material inside the quotation marks is not, the question mark should be placed on the outside of the quotation marks.  She asked, "Will you still be my friend?"  Do you agree with the saying, "All's fair in love and war"? 3.Only one ending punctuation mark is used with quotation marks. Also, the stronger punctuation mark wins.  Therefore, no period after war is used is the above example for rule #2. 4.When you have a question outside quoted material AND inside quoted material, use only one question mark and place it inside the quotation mark.  Did she say, "May I go?“

11/17/11- Punctuating Quotation Marks 5.Use single quotation marks for quotes within quotes. Note that the period goes inside all quote marks.  He said, "Dana said, 'Do not treat me that way.'" 6.Use quotation marks to set off a direct quotation only.  "When will you be here?" he asked.  He asked when you will be there. 7.Do not use quotation marks with quoted material that is more than three lines in length.  When writing in MLA format, remember that when you have 4+ lines of quoted material, you don’t put that information in quotation marks (as this rule states), but you also need to indent each line equally to separate it from the rest of your text with a citation at the end. 8.When you are quoting something that has a spelling or grammar mistake or presents material in a confusing way, insert the term sic in italics and enclose it in brackets. Sic means, "This is the way the original material was."  She wrote, "I would rather die then [sic] be seen wearing the same outfit as my sister."  Should be than, not then.

9.The colon and semicolon always go outside the closing quotation mark.  He referred to this group of people as his "gang": Heidi, Heather Shelley, and Jessie.  Marx did not believe that "a single nation should have a single leader"; nevertheless, he became a leader singled out. 10. The ellipses, three spaced dots (... ), indicates that part of a quotation has been left out. Ellipses are useful when you want to include only the most relevant words of a quotation; however, any omission must not distort the quotation's original meaning.  For omissions in the middle of a sentence, use an ellipses.  The character of Sammy was soft-spoken, but he believed strongly in "respect for women, love of country... and a bright, sunny day" (87).  For omissions at the end of a sentence, use an ellipses followed by a period inside the quotation marks.  According to Cochran, "Warp drive is a creation that will change multitudes of lives....“  If a parenthetical citation follows ellipses at the end of a sentence, place the period after the final parenthesis.  Of the many fruits available, Abraham Lincoln thought "apples to be the most nutritious... " (47). 11/18/11 - Punctuating Quotation Marks

 Some general reminders:  Quotation marks always come in pairs. Do not open a quotation and fail to close it at the end of the quoted material.  Capitalize the first letter of a direct quote when the quoted material is a complete sentence.  Do not use a capital letter when the quoted material is a fragment or only a piece of the original material's complete sentence.  If a direct quotation is interrupted mid-sentence, do not capitalize the second part of the quotation.  Quotations are most effective if you use them sparingly and keep them relatively short. Too many quotations in a research paper will get you accused of not producing original thought or material (they may also bore a reader who wants to know primarily what YOU have to say on the subject).

11/22/11 – Practice with Punctuation Quotation Marks  Rewrite the following sentences, punctuating where necessary. 1.Author Elliot argues that “Western doctors are too intent on medicating and not intent enough on fixing the ailments” (Heveronian 29) 2.The stranger asked “Does anyone have spare change” 3.Anderson believes that “There is no saying less true than 'it doesn't matter whether you win or lose, it's how you play the game'“ 4.“There is no excuse for aggressive behavior" the supervisor said. "It sets a bad example“ 5.According to the critic "One of the most widely acclaimed actors in history, Humphrey Bogart, is quoted as saying 'I don't like acting'“ 6."Animals have a variety of emotions similar to human's“ (Erikson 90) 7.Do you understand the quote by Davidson “Believe in what you don’t believe in”