Independence Movements China: Civil War

Agenda 3/20/14  Warm-up and Review Homework  Quiz on World War II  Notes on China Civil War  Venn Diagram  Homework- Reading Guide on Cold War  Syrian Civil War Syrian Civil War Syrian Civil War

Chinese Civil War ( )  1912 – Nationalists overthrew the Qing dynasty which had ruled China since 1644  1912 – Sun Yixian became the President of China (goals – end to foreign control, democracy, and economic security for all Chinese) – ineffective leader  1913 – Yuan Shikai (a powerful general) became President of China – ruled as a military dictator (sparked revolts throughout China – period of instability)

Chinese Civil War ( )  May 4, 1919 (May Fourth Movement) – After hearing about the Versailles Treaty, many students, workers, manufacturers, shopkeepers, and professionals protested Western influence/democracy in China and opted for Lenin’s brand of Soviet communism  While the Communist Party was forming, Sun Yixian and his Nationalist Party set up a government in South China 1911 Revolution 1911 Revolution

Chinese Civil War ( )  April 1927 – Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists attacked the Communists in Shanghai  1928 – Chiang Kai-shek became President of the Nationalist Republic of China  – Civil War between Nationalists and Communists

Nationalists  Leader - Chiang Kai-shek  Area Ruled - Southern China  Foreign Support - United States  Public Support - Weak due to inflation and failing economy  Military Organization - Ineffective, corrupt leadership and poor morale

Communists  Leader - Mao Zedong  Area Ruled - Northern China  Foreign Support - Soviet Union  Public Support - Strong due to promised land reform  Military Organization - Experienced, motivated guerilla army

Two Chinas Emerge  China had split into two nations – Island of Taiwan (Nationalist China) and the People’s Republic of China (mainland China)  Chiang Kai-shek – ruler of Nationalist China  Mao Zedong – ruler of People’s Republic of China

Great Leap Forward ( )  abandon the Soviet model of economic development  people’s communes unrealistic output targets  industry  agricultural and human disaster Great Leap Forward Great Leap Forward

Cultural Revolution  Mao’s goal was to get rid of privilege ruling class  Mao issued reforms meant to erase all traces of Western Influence Cultural Revolution Cultural Revolution

Cultural Revolution  Mao’s Little Red Book, a collection of teachings on communism, became a popular symbol of the Cultural Revolution  The whole plan failed miserably in advancing China socially or economically

After Mao’s Death  Xeng Diapong  Took over after Mao’s Death  Reformed China’s economy to a market economy  Continued communist control of government