Chapter 23 sec. 3 Unifying Italy Mr. Marsh Columbus North High School

Obstacles to Italian Unity Italy has not been unified since the Roman Empire Italy has not been unified since the Roman Empire People considered themselves part of their city, not as part of a bigger Italy People considered themselves part of their city, not as part of a bigger Italy –People from Florence = Tuscans –People from Venice = Venetians –Italy was just a geographic term  Nationalist movement started just as it did in Germany, with the invasion of Napoleon

Mazzini Nationalist leader in the early 1830s Nationalist leader in the early 1830s 1849 helped to lead a revolution in the republic of Rome 1849 helped to lead a revolution in the republic of Rome –Quickly defeated by French military –After his defeat antagonist movements started to pick up all across Italy  It made sense, common language and history

Struggle for Italy 1848 Nationalist leadership passed to the kingdom of Sardinia under the rule of a constitutional monarch, Victor Emmanuel II 1848 Nationalist leadership passed to the kingdom of Sardinia under the rule of a constitutional monarch, Victor Emmanuel II In 1852 Emmanuel II made Count Camillo Cavour his prime minister In 1852 Emmanuel II made Count Camillo Cavour his prime minister Just as Bismarck pushed to unify Germany Cavour will lead in Italy Just as Bismarck pushed to unify Germany Cavour will lead in Italy

Struggle for Italy Intrigue with France In 1855 Cavour joined Britain and France in the Crimean War In 1855 Cavour joined Britain and France in the Crimean War –Even though Italy gained no new territories after the war, they gained much respect 1858 Cavour negotiated with Napoleon III to aid Sardinia in a war with Austria 1858 Cavour negotiated with Napoleon III to aid Sardinia in a war with Austria

Struggle for Italy Garibaldi’s Red Shirts Next step in Unifying Italy was the island of Sicily Next step in Unifying Italy was the island of Sicily Garibaldi a long time nationalist and close friend of Mazzini Garibaldi a long time nationalist and close friend of Mazzini Garibaldi wanted a republic in Italy and when Cavour offered him weapons and ships Garibaldi accepted Garibaldi wanted a republic in Italy and when Cavour offered him weapons and ships Garibaldi accepted –Very quickly Garibaldi won over Sicily and moved north towards the city of Naples

Struggle for Italy Unity at Last Cavour was surprised at how quickly Garibaldi was able to conquer Sicily. Cavour was surprised at how quickly Garibaldi was able to conquer Sicily. Cavour feared that Garibaldi would create a Southern Republic Cavour feared that Garibaldi would create a Southern Republic –Garibaldi however handed over the new lands to Cavour and Emmanuel II  1861 Emmanuel II is crowned King of Italy  During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 France had to remove troops from Rome ending the French control of Italy

Challenges Facing the New Nation Just as Bismarck struggled so will the new Italy Just as Bismarck struggled so will the new Italy Divisions Divisions –Major regional differences  North wealthy major Cities  South rural farm land  Struggles with the Catholic church and the new Italy leads to the creation of the Papal state of the Vatican City –Early popes saw this as a “prison”

Challenges Facing the New Nation Turmoil and Progress Under Emmanuel Italy was a constitutional Monarch with a two house legislative body Under Emmanuel Italy was a constitutional Monarch with a two house legislative body –The upper house was selected by the King and could veto and action made by the peoples selected lower house –Despite the problems by the early 1900s the Italian economy was growing –Education increased as did working conditions