Chap 10, pp only Radical Political Islam pp

20 th Century Pan Arab Nationalism Pan Arab Nationalist Regimes – Drew on western secularism & western modernity Pan Arab Nationalist Regimes – Drew on western secularism & western modernity –“Nasserism” ( ) – Pan-Arab nationalist movement by Gemal Abdul Nasser in Egypt –“Ba’athism” – Arab nationalist type regimes (influenced in part by western secularism & socialism) Iraq ( )Iraq ( ) Syria ( Present)Syria ( Present) –Pro-western hereditary monarchies Iran under the Shah of Iran (1965 – 1979)Iran under the Shah of Iran (1965 – 1979) Contemporary Examples: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, JordanContemporary Examples: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Jordan Radical Political Islam – Arose in Opposition to the Above

Sayyid Qutb ( ) and Muslim Counter-Enlightenment Egyptian exile who criticized King Faruq’s pro- Western stanceEgyptian exile who criticized King Faruq’s pro- Western stance Articulated a strong ideological reaction against Western modernityArticulated a strong ideological reaction against Western modernity Became important intellectual leader of the Muslim BrotherhoodBecame important intellectual leader of the Muslim Brotherhood Qutb rejected Nasser’s secularist pan-Arab projectQutb rejected Nasser’s secularist pan-Arab project

Sayyid Qutb and Muslim Counter- Enlightenment Radical Islamic movements reject the western Enlightenment tradition, especially the focus on secularism and “individual autonomy” Radical Islam seeks a return to a more pure form of Islam, not tainted by secularism and modernity Radical Islam -- opposed to: – –Western modernity – –Muslims who endorse the incorporation of Western modernity

Qutb and Radical Islam Provided essential parts of the ideological foundation of Radical IslamProvided essential parts of the ideological foundation of Radical Islam Under radical Islam, Jihad no longer an inner struggle to follow the Qu’ranUnder radical Islam, Jihad no longer an inner struggle to follow the Qu’ran –Jihad becomes an outwards struggle or holy war against modernity, secularism, capitalism, gender equality, etc. Westernized Muslims - “false consciousness”Westernized Muslims - “false consciousness” Liberalism: sovereignty of the individual;Liberalism: sovereignty of the individual; Socialism: sovereignty of the proletariat;Socialism: sovereignty of the proletariat; Radical Islam: sovereignty of AllahRadical Islam: sovereignty of Allah