Chapter 34 By: Jade Carroll, Cielo Delarosa, Nikki Duaban, Jordan Gamble, Daniel Klinger, and Nicole Perman

Atomic Bombing of Nagasaki Devastated by the war It was occupied by the United States. General Douglass MacArthur was the head of general occupation. Americans introduced reforms to Japan. Broke up the large estates that were beneficial to small farmers. Severely weakened police and military forces. Formed democratic processes over time. In the new Constitution, Parliament was placed over the Emperor. Liberal Democratic party monopolized Japan’s Government. Selective Westernization

The Soviets sponsored the Peoples Democratic Republic of Korea in the North The North became Communist North led by: Kim Il-Sung

The South became Democratic with the Central Government still in authority. South led by: Syngman Rhee The Americans sponsored the Republic of Korea the South

Allies agreed for Korea to become independent. The Soviet and U.S. joint occupation evolved into two separate countries The North attacked the South, US defended the South, and the Korean War Began Led by MacArthur Members of the UN came and took action against North Korea

Chinese Volunteers fought the Americans Americans pushed back the North Koreans The Korean front stopped at the original Korean border Armistice was signed to restore the border between the two nations, ending right where they started: 38 th parallel Cease fire signed, Korean war officially ended

Chinese wanted to conquer Taiwan but couldn’t due to their lack of a navy High tensions between the two Chinese bombarded two nationalist islands US and Chinese reached an agreement US convinced Nationalists not to attack China Taiwan became a prosperous nation

Hong Kong remained a British colony after WWII Hong Kong’s Chinese population greatly increased because of emigrants Hong Kong given to China in 1997 Singapore was owned by the British after WWII Singapore became an independent nation in 1965 Singapore was a large British naval base until 1971

New Economic Dynamics South Korea Military Ranks Political Positions Protest Syngman Rhee

Emphasis on Economic Growth Matching Japan Steel Hyundai Chung Ju Yung Ships, Schools, Houses, a Technical College, and Martial Arts Arena General Changes Population Soared Emigrations Pollution Mild Poverty

Economic Development Agriculture & Industry Communist Involvement Economic Planning Education Changes Medical Practices Religion Concerns U.S. Recognizes the People’s Republic of China Decreased Commitment Unofficial Contacts American Institute in Taiwan Coordination Council for North American Affairs Asian Governments Politics Beijing Chiang Ching-kuo Reduced Social Gap No Political Diversity =Rra4_Glgw10

Chiang focused on communist – Japanese invade Allied w/ communist Communist take advantage of invasion Took coastal areas Japanese destroy Nationalist forces Communist guerilla warfare Civil War- Communist won Shift in allegiance Chiang retreats to Formosa (Taiwan) Mao proclaims People’s Republic of China

Why Mao successful? Land, education, health care reforms Mao’s army won support over peasantry; Chiang’s army is abusive Guerilla warfare = better chance for success Peasants convinced programs would better their lives

Communist wanted power Created party cadres and People’s Liberation Army Military officials Superiority in east Asia Secessionist movements in Mongolia and Tibet North vs. South Korea U.S. Threatened to invade Nationalist’s Taiwan Liberation struggle of Vietnamese Soviet Union and China broke down China defeated India

Rural areas taken under communist rule Communist controlled Japanese and Guomindang Landlords disposed 3 million people executed Redistributed lands to peasants Industrialization Focus on urbanization Turned away from peasants Centralization Increase in bureaucratic power Change in strategy Mass line

Mao Zedong and wife, Jiang Qing Revolutionary Strategy Nationalist resistance Madam Chiang Kai-shek May 4 th Intellectuals End footbinding campaigns Women win equality Education/career opportunities Marriage Some keep traditional attitude

Mao tries to regain power After Mao’s death – pragmatists take over Achievements of communist regime Challenge – continue growth/living conditions

Interested since 17 th century – failed to take Japan Missionaries attract civil wars French protection 18 th century – French supported Nguyen Anh Northern Trinh and Southern Nguyen toppled New Nguyen Anh unites Vietnam Confucian city in Beijing Eventually take Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia Infighting Take advantage of trade

Nguyen family loses credibility Unable to push out French Confucianism pushed out New Middle class French educated French stopped attempts at peaceful resistance Vietnamese Nationalist Party Communist party of Vietnam

Viet Minh in the north End of Japanese rule Peasant class appeal Vo Nguyen Giap Guerilla tactics Offset French and Japanese Advance into Red River Delta Control Hanoi No control of South France Viet Minh gains countryside; French keep towns 1954: Capture Dien Bien Phu 1954 Geneva Conference

Geneva Cooperation between Viet Minh and U.S. Fame of Ho Chi Minh Ngo Dinh Diem Viet Cong threatened U.S. support for Diem’s military 1970 – U.S. negotiation with Vietnam Communist unite Vietnam under single government

Fail to revolutionize Isolation Chinese border clashes Similarities and Differences to China Weak and impoverished Collapse of Communist regimes Vietnam struggles Sweatshops Social inequality Public service/free education decline