DO NOW:  Please take a guided notes sheet from the back of the room.  We will be starting with nationalism before WWI today and then moving into WWI.  Thank you.

NATIONALISM AND THE BUILD UP TO W.W.I Miss Bonner

Congress of Vienna  At the time of the Congress of Vienna,  Italy was very divided:  ‐ Ruled by  * Austria  * Spain  * The Pope  * Renaissance city ‐ states

 Prince Clemens von Metternich (key player at the  Congress of Vienna) was Austria’s foreign minister  ‐ He did not want Italy to unite?  ‐ WHY NOT?  _____________________________________  * Metternich used censorship and arrests to stop  the spread of nationalist ideas!

3 LEADERS acted to UNITE ITALY  1. Giuseppe Mazzini = “Soul”  ‐ Formed Young Italy in 1831 (nationalist group)  ‐ Little support from the majority

 2. Camillo di Cavour = “Brains”  ‐ Prime Minister of Sardinia  ‐ Made uniting Italy his highest priority  ‐ Made an agreement with Napoleon III in 1858  ‐ Napoleon would help Cavour drive out Austria  ‐ France would get the lands of Nice and Savoy  ‐ French and Sardinian armies won victories  against the Austrians

 2. Camillo di Cavour = “Brains”  ‐ Prime Minister of Sardinia  ‐ Made uniting Italy his highest priority  ‐ Made an agreement with Napoleon III in 1858  ‐ Napoleon would help Cavour drive out Austria  ‐ France would get the lands of Nice and Savoy  ‐ French and Sardinian armies won victories  against the Austrians

 3. Giuseppe Garibaldi = “The Sword”  ‐ Led battles in the South  ‐ He and his soldiers were called “Red Shirts" becau se he  and his followers wore red shirts  ‐ Victorious!!!!!

Italy is United!  In 1861 the Italian Parliament named  Victor Emmanuel II King of Italy  The new nation still faced problems:  Peasant revolts  Strikes and riots  1860 ‐ 1910: 4 million Italians moved to the U.S.  (Emigration)

The Unification of Germany 1865 ‐ 1871  Like Italy, Germany was also divided  (after the Congress of Vienna)  Since the fall of Napoleon in 1815, 39 German stat es  had formed a German Confederation  Austria and Prussia dominated this loose grouping

The Rise of Prussia  Prussia had a mainly German population as opposed  to Austria  Zollverein was established: Free trade among the  major German states except Austria  Prussia was the most industrial of the German states  and had the most powerful military in Central Europe

Otto von Bismarck  Bismarck became the Prime Minister in 1862  ‐ Of PRUSSIA  He was a strong and practical leader  He believed in “realpoltik”  – Real/tough/practical politics: not based on  idealism but on realism  When speaking of Austria, Bismarck replied:  “Germany is clearly too small for the both of us”  Bismarck's ultimate goal was to unite the German  states into a strong German Empire with Prussia as  its core.

Otto Von Bismarck’s “Blood & Iron”  Held philosophy of “Blood and Iron” saying that:  “The great questions of our day cannot be solved b y  speeches and majority votes ‐ that was a great mist ake of  1848 and 1849 – but by blood and iron.”  What do you think he means by this?

 Bismarck made his famous blood and iron  speech, which implied that if Germany was  to unify it would be with the use of  military force. He hated liberalism,  democracy and socialism. Following his  speech, he dismissed the budget proposal  and ordered the bureaucracy to collect  taxes. This money would go to military  use, and Bismarck would expand and  strengthen the Prussian armies. These  armies would than be used in three wars  which Bismarck devised to unify the  country.

The Seven Weeks’ War  1866 conflict between Austria and Prussia  Prussian victory – Austria is humiliated  Austria loses territory and is forced to withdraw from t he German Confederation  By 1867, Prussia completely dominated the “North  German Confederation

 Nationalism was uniting Germany and dividing Aust ria as  Hungarians demanded independence!

The Franco ‐ Prussian War 1870  Prussia and German allies defeated France  * 1871: German states are united under the  Prussian King, William I  * Nationalistic fervor swept through both the north  and the south  * The Second Reich is formed: Germany would  continue to prosper as a growing industrial and  military power in Europe

Nationalism and the Frayer Model  Essential Questions  Who is in and who is out? Who defines which people belong in a national society?  Does nationalism unite or divide?  Why did a strong sense of nationalism begin in Europe before other parts of the world ?  Stanford University defines Nationalism as the attitude that the members of a nation have when they care about their national identity, common origin, ethnicity, cultural ties, the actions that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve or sustain self-determination which means having full authority of the nation in domestic and foreign affairs.  Elements of Nationalism:  Culture  History  Language  Religion  Territory

Crash Course: Nationalism  Study Guide Questions:  1. Which country is each nationalist leader/s or institution identified with?   A. Otto von Bismarck  B. Giuseppe Garibaldi & Giuseppe Mazzini  C. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk  D. Muhammad Ali  E. Indian National Congress  F. Abraham Lincoln  G. Daimyo  2. What are the characteristics of a modern nation-state, according to John Green? 3. What factors contribute to the rise of nationalism worldwide? 4. Describe three conflicts in the nineteenth century that united people under a common national identity. 5. How did rising nationalisms contribute to the breakdown of the Ottoman Empire [CC provides 3 examples]?