Advanced Broadband Wireless Standards from ETSI and Co-operation with WiMAX Prof. Dr. Bernd Friedrichs - Marconi Communications, Germany - ETSI BRAN Chairman WCA’s 11th Annual International Symposium & Business Expo San Jose, CA, Jan , 2005

1Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE ETSI BRAN structure Status of BRAN HiperAccess and HiperMAN Details of HiperAccess Technology Relations to standardization bodies and forums Co-operation ETSI - WiMAX Forum Conclusions Overview

2Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE ~700 member companies from 55 contries in 5 continents ~11,000 technical standards and deliverables since 1988 ~60 co-operation agreements Market driven organization members decide about work program and resource allocation Established in 1988, as non-profit making organization, based in Sophia Antipolis, Nice Cote d‘Azur (France) ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute

3Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Decision Making Members shall endeavour to reach consensus on all issues. If lack of consensus: voting can be performed using individual member company weights ( depending on company revenues, one vote per company, approval requires 71%) Open Standardization Process Each ETSI member can actively or passively participate (incl. voting). All documents and standards are always freely accessible. IPR Policy Each ETSI member has the obligation to inform about Essential IPRs it becomes aware of. IPR owners shall grant irrevocable licenses on FRAND (fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory) terms and conditions. ETSI Working Methods

4Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Global Wireless Standards IEEE Bluetooth WAN MAN LAN PAN IEEE WirelessLAN HiperLAN/2 RLAN IEEE WirelessMAN HiperMAN & HiperAccess UMTS, EDGE (GSM) ETSI BRAN IEEE 802ETSI WiFi* *) Industry fora for promotion and certfication WiMAX*

5Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE BRAN Structure PHY DLC CL Testing ETSI BRAN (Broadband Radio Access Networks) Chairman: Bernd Friedrichs (Marconi) HiperLan/2 (High Performance LAN) Wireless LAN at 5 GHz, connection-based, OFDM, 54 Mbps, QoS HiperAccess (High Performance Access) Fixed broadband wireless PMP system above 11 GHz, single carrier, 120 Mbps HiperMan (High Performance MAN) Fixed broadband wireless PMP system below 11 GHz, OFDM, IP-optimized Spectrum regulatory issues, Harmonized Standards PHY DLC CL etc. PHY DLC Profiles MIB Regulatory Competence Group Testing

6Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Transition to TC (Technical Commitee) in 2004 ToR (Terms of Reference)  BRAN is responsible for all broadband radio (access) systems  Several vertical groups for technology-dependent activities  Regulatory competence concentrated in horizontal RCWG - to develop Harmonised Standards covering essential requirements under article 3.2 of the R&TTE directive, - to assist regulatory bodies to define spectrum requirements and radio conformance specifications for new broadband radio networks Extensions under discussion  Non-interoperable systems (i.e. proprietary, coexistence specs)  Transport systems (e.g. classical Point-to-Point hops)  Higher layers including network aspects (e.g. IRAP = International Roaming Access Protocols (WiFi))  Other (e.g. WIGWAM = Wireless Gigabit (RLAN) with Advanced Multimedia Support)  Merger with ETSI TM4 BRAN Status

7Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE ETSI Experience  GSM, DECT, 3G, Tetra, etc.  The working methods and approaches have given very good results in terms of interoperability  3G considers the test specs „very good value for money“ Base standards (for air interface)  PHY and DLC layers independet of core network  Convergence sublayers for packet- and cell-based core networks Base standards (for network)  The successful deployment of large-scale portable or mobile networks requires also the development of interfaces and protocols above the scope of the air interface  Work already started on MIB and management BRAN Characteristics (1 of 5) General

8Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Test specifications  Normative part of standard  Controlled in the open forum in the same way as the base specs  Actual testing and certification is left to industry and their associations Test methods  Good results from using advanced spec methods and languages  For the first time, virtual protocol testing (UDP/IP based, via API) was used, showing the capability to detect and resolve potential problems in implementations before the HW becomes available BRAN Characteristics (2 of 5) Testing

9Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Testing organization  Work is progressed through STF (Special Task Force)  STF funded by ETSI, operating under the guidance of BRAN  Supported by PTCC (Protocol and Testing Competence Center) BRAN STF  All BRAN conformance test specifications were produced in STFs  More than 70 documents were published in the last two years  About $ 2,000,000 funding was spent for BRAN STFs  About $ 520,000 total cost were spent for HiperMAN / WiMAX BRAN Characteristics (3 of 5) STFs

10Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Interoperability testing = Two implementations trying to interwork Can test only normal behaviour Can test exceptional behaviour only by chance Golden unit testing = An implementation that is somehow representing a standard trying to interwork with an implementation under test Conformance testing = A test tool evaluating an implementation under test Can test both normal and exceptional behaviour Can repeat the specific test any time and any number of times (following corrections for example) ETSI has achieved good results using a combination of conformance testing followed by some level of interoperability testing BRAN Characteristics (4 of 5) Testing - Comparison of Approaches

11Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Basic protocol standard development Abstract Syntax Notation (ASN.1) message structure specification, ITU-T X.680 Packed encoding rules (PER) for transfer encoding, ITU-T X.691 Message Sequence Charts (MSC) for message flow description, ITU-T Z.120, Specification and Description Language (SDL) specification, ITU-T Z SDL models used to precisely define the protocol behaviour. - Simulations and validations to early remove ambiguities and erroneous protocol behaviour. Protocol test specifications (ITU-T X , ISO/IEC 9646) PICS Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement TSS & TPTest Suite Structure and Test Purposes ATSAbstract Test Suite (TTCN) - Significant effort was spent (30 man month of funded expert work plus voluntary contribution by member companies and ETSI PTCC work) Radio test specifications RCT Radio Conformance Test ENHarmonized Standard (European Norm), covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the EC R&TTE Directives BRAN Characteristics (5 of 5) Standards for Base and Test Specifications

12Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE BRAN HiperAccess (1 of 4) Overview Main applications Cellular backhauling SOHO, SME Typically too expensive for residential access / WLL / LMDS ETSI BRAN developed protocol stack and radio specifications Optimized for ATM and Ethernet Strong points Suitable for immediate deployment in GSM and UMTS networks Technical quality –Precision of specification –Well controlled optional features –Absence of ambiguities –Test specifications with ETSI strength (MBS2) High spectral efficieny, high QoS, high reliability

13Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE BRAN HiperAccess (2 of 4) Set of Specifications in total ~2000 pages

14Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Focus on frequency bands GHz GHz GHz GHz other lower frequencies Channel size = 28 MHz, Baudrate = 22.4 MBaud Paired bands (FDD mode, fixed asymmetric rates) Unpaired bands (TDD mode, adaptive asymmetric rates) Optimum trade-off between costs, peak data rate and statistical multiplex gain Important parameters BRAN HiperAccess (3 of 4) Basic Features PHY Layer

15Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE BRAN HiperAccess (4 of 4) Achievements and Plans High stability of base and test specifications achieved Only minor corrections expected in 2005 Further harmonization with IEEE WirelessMAN-SC Commercial roll-out First BRAN-compliant product was rolled-out in December 2004 (Point-to-Point derivative of HA) Full HiperAccess-compliant products will be available in 2005 High interest from numerous operators

16Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE AT 1 AP AT n AT 2 TDMA uplink t AT 1 AP AT n AT 2 MAC PDU MAC PDU MAC PDU... TDM downlink... MAC PDU Time Division Multiplex (TDM) in Downlink, Time Division Multiplex Access (TDMA) in Uplink Further important properties of downlink and uplink

17Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Transceiver Chain ARQ TX buffer MAC PDU RS codeword FEC block Burst Symbol stream (cont.in DL, bursty in UL) Preambles with QPSK One preamble for one or several FEC blocks Including trellis termination for each RS CW, only present for some PHY modes Up to four MAC PDUs per RS CW Only payload of unicast MAC data PDUs is encrypted Operation on groups of MAC PDUs corresponding to RS CWs, UL only from data interface to data interface RS error detection flag for ARQ Request for ARQ re-transmission Encryption Scrambling Outer RS Encoder Inner Convol. Encoder Insert Preamble Modulation Radio link (physical channel) Operation on complete frame except preamble(s), initiated per frame ARQ RX buffer Decryption Descrambler Outer RS Decoder Inner Convol. Decoder Remove Preamble, Equalizer De- Modulation MAC PDU MAC PDU MAC PDU Burst

18Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE PHY Modes (1 of 9) Definition, Robustness vs. Efficiency RS- encoder Convol. encoder Modulator ( 2 M -ary) Pulse shaping PHY mode defined by - concatenated coding and - modulation (where „PHY“ refers to the physical layer of OSI model) InfobitsCodebitsSymbolsWaveforms

19Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Frame Structure Overview Control zone (PHY mode # 0) PHY mode #1 region PHY mode #2 region PHY mode #3 region PHY mode #4 region Frame padding Frame Preamble TDM zone Downlink frame Invited ranging bursts Bandwidth request contention window Granted UL burst Granted UL burst Granted UL burst Granted UL burst Downlink map Uplink map ARQ map Broadcast Frame Info to frame # (N-2) Uplink frame frame offset Order of ranging burst and contention window is just an example Control zone enlarged

20Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE PHY Modes (3 of 9) DL Frame with Concatenated Coding Remarks: ATM cells and DLC messages are aligned to PDUs, IP packets are segmented to PDUs PDUs are aligned to RS blocks Block structure preserved by terminated convolutional coding Code blocks are aligned to symbols and regions (DL) and bursts (UL) Advantages: error detection and ARQ

21Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE PHY Modes (4 of 9) Maximum Range per Mode Maximum d, P Tx and p availability are related as >1 I is time-variant mainly dependent on L rain is time-variant Stand-alone cells (without interference from adjacent cells, without DL ATPC) Rain fading Mode 4 Mode 3 Mode 2 Mode 1 Link loss Cell radius Clear sky

22Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Adaptive Operation Adaptation according to d = distance (fixed) I = interference (slow in DL, fast in UL) N = noise (representing link budget C/N) L rain = rain fading (fast, 20 dB/s) Mechanisms PHY mode change per terminal PHY mode change per frame combined with ATPC (Adaptive Transmit Power Control) Control loop decided centrally by AP based on measurement reports from AT received signal in AP commanded as announcement in DL map for DL, granted per UL map for UL

23Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE L rain =Rain fading 26 GHz 32 GHz 42 GHz 26 GHz 32 GHz 42 GHz Radio Link Model (6 of 8) Free-Space Pathloss and Rain Fading L free = Pathloss

24Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE PHY Modes (5 of 9) Throughput, Range vs. 28 GHz % % 99.9 % 99 % Clear sky %

25Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE DL worst sector (C/I) min = 20*log(5) = 14.0 dB UL worst sector Interference degradation typically depends on direction a sector may have poor properties for DL but good properties for UL interference is time-invariant for DL and time-variant for UL Interference in Downlink and Uplink

26Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE C/(N+I) Pattern for 5x5 Rectangular Constellation (Downlink, ClearSky, ReUseFactor=4) worst sector enlarged

27Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE C/(N+I)~C/N Pattern for 5x5 Rectangular Constellation (Downlink, RainFading, ReUseFactor=4)

28Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE CDFs for 5x5 Rectangular Constellation (Downlink, ClearSky, ReUseFactor=4)

29Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Marconi’s Radio Network Planning Tool (Realistic Constellation with 142 Sectors) Input: Base station sites Coverage Traffic load Output:Sectorization Carrier frequencies (2) Polarization (coloured) Interference critical zone = 1.4% of coverage (blue)

30Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Detailed Layer Structure Initiali- zation control Security control Radio link control Connec- tion control Traffic data connections ASN1 coding SAR sublayer MAC sublayer ARQ sublayer (UL) 51byte DLC SDU (fixed length) Radio channel (above 11 GHz) DLC PHY ATM cells (53byte) IP packets (variable length) CL byte PDU MAC management connections Encryption Scrambling Reed-Solomon Encoding Convolutional Encoding Modulation Cell-based CLPacket-based CL Decryption Descrambling Reed-Solomon Decoding Convolutional Decoding Demodulation

31Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Realization of high Multiplex Gain requires efficient and fast Bandwidth Allocation Schemes... Requests per connection aggregate (various mechanisms) AP Uplink scheduler (for carrier) Downlink scheduler (for carrier) Grants per terminal via UL map Uplink allocation (distributed, mainly in AP) Uplink scheduler (use of grants) AT n via DL map (no action from AT) Downlink allocation (central in AP) Uplink scheduler (use of grants) AT 1 CAC Frequency planning (Blocking of PHY modes) CAC = connection admission control

32Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Example of ASN.1 Base Specification PhyModeSetDescriptor ::= SEQUENCE { psdi Psdi, -- 4 bit downlinkPhyThresholdsList PhyThresholdsList, -- variable uplinkPowerModChangeListNonTc UplinkPowerModChangeList, -- variable uplinkPowerModChangeListTc UplinkPowerModChangeList -- variable } Psdi ::= INTEGER {phyModeSet1 (1), phyModeSet2 (2)} (0..15) -- 4 bit PhyThresholdsList ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE(2..7)) OF PhyThresholdPair UplinkPowerModChangeList ::= SEQUENCE (SIZE(1..6)) OF UplinkPowerModChangePair PhyThresholdPair ::= SEQUENCE { upThreshold CnrThreshold, -- channel quality increase downThreshold CnrThreshold -- channel quality decrease } UplinkPowerModChangePair ::= SEQUENCE { upPowerModChange UplinkPowerModChange, -- channel quality increase downPowerModChange UplinkPowerModChange -- channel quality decrease } CnrThreshold ::= INTEGER(0..255) -- 8 bit,granu=0.25dB,range=[4,40]dB,absolute UplinkPowerModChange ::= INTEGER(0..32) -- 6 bit,granu=0.5dB, range=[ -8, +8]dB

33Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE BRAN HiperMAN (1 of 2) Overview Main applications First release: FWA below 11 GHz Residential (self installation), SOHO, SME (wireless DSL) Mesh radio networks (radio based routers) Features (100% selected by WiMAX Forum) Optimized for IP traffic, full QoS support Both FDD and TDD, including H-FDD CPE High spectral efficiency and data rates, up to 25 Mbit/s in 7 MHz Adaptive modulation (from QPSK to 64-QAM) Interoperability profiles for 1.75 MHz, 3.5 MHz and 7 MHz Uplink OFDMA (high cell radius possible, up to 50 km in PMP with directive antenna) Hooks for advanced antenna systems High security TEK encryption algorithms

34Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE BRAN HiperMAN (2 of 2) Technical Specifications Standards (published in 2004) ETSI TS PHY layer ETSI TS DLC layer ETSI TS System profiles Functional Requirements ETSI TR System Reference Documents ETSI TR for the band GHz to GHz Drafting activity MIBs for Network Management Test standards (PICS, TSS&TP finished in 2004, ATS) Support for nomadic systems etc.

35Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE BRAN RCWG Regulatory Competence Working Group 5 GHz Harmonized EN (RLAN) To be used for European type approval in < GHz ETSI EN v GHz high performance RLAN; Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive 5.8 GHz Harmonized EN (FWA) To be used for European type approval in GHz System Reference Document (HiperMAN) Fixed - nomadic convergence of BWA systems To be used by ECC for more spectrum allocation

36Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE BRAN Relationship with Other Bodies and Forums ETSI OCG ETSI TM4 ETSI ERM

37Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Relation BRAN - ITU Draft ITU-R Recommendation on Radio Interface Specifications (Requirements and Standards) BRAN and IEEE provide harmonized inputs ITU-D Report on Broadband Technologies (ITU-D Q20/2) BRAN provided input ITU-APT Seminar on BWA (Busan, Korea, Sept. 2004) Presentations from BRAN Vice-Chair

38Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Relation BRAN - IEEE802.x (1 of 4) Overview currently no activities Roaming mobile extension for HM tbd MBWA currently no activities WPAN formal co-operation agreement expected soon WiMAX Forum Base spec: HM harmonized with IEEE Test spec: Norm. ref. in IEEE to HM PICS and TSS&TP HiperMAN (fixed or nomadic operation) (<11 GHz) (16e mobile extension) same PHY layer (except one FEC detail), further harmonization intended (TC layer, protocol stack) HiperAccess (10-66 GHz) WMAN promotion: same PHY layer HiperLAN2 H2GF a WiFi WLAN promotion: RemarkETSI BRANIEEE 802

39Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Relation BRAN - IEEE (2 of 4) Mutual Influence HiperMAN - IEEE sub11GHz Source: Mariana Goldhamer, ITU-APT Seminar on BWA, Busan, Korea, Sept. 2004

40Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Relation BRAN - IEEE (3 of 4) Coding Scheme ETSI BRAN HiperAccess ETSI BRAN HiperMAN IEEE WirelessMAN-SC IEEE WirelessMAN-OFDM Same FEC scheme Why different FEC schemes?

41Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Relation BRAN - IEEE (4 of 4) MAC Layer ETSI BRAN HiperAccess ETSI BRAN HiperMAN IEEE WirelessMAN-SC IEEE WirelessMAN-OFDM Same generic MAC layer MAC optimized for backhauling

42Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE ETSI and WiMAX Forum have a common interest to perform and promote standardization with the aim of a global information infrastructure in avoiding duplication of technical work ETSI and WiMAX Forum co-operate for testing and certification to develop conformance test specifications to validate the test suite Status of Agreement Details of agreement almost agreed (some legal issues to be fixed) Signature expected soon Technical experts are already working on this basis since mid 2004 Co-operation ETSI - WiMAX (1 of 3) The Agreement

43Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE WiMAX Forum set up the certification scheme to assure interoperability of devices control all aspects of certification ETSI is harmonizing and developing HiperMAN test specifications (PICS, TSS&TP, ATS) that could be used for certification offers unique resouces –TC MTS (Methods for Testing and Specification) –ETSI PTCC (Protocol and Testing Competence Center) –ETSI Plugtest Service has proven expertise in testing matters and has proven track record of working with industry fora like WiMAX Conformance and interoperability testing Both complement each other For best probability of interoperability between products - do both! Co-operation ETSI - WiMAX (2 of 3) Details

44Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Co-operation ETSI - WiMAX (3 of 3) Conformance Testing Process (ISO 9646 Scheme) Test Suite ( Test Cases ) ATS Req. checklist PICS Test Purposes TSS & TP testing Test Report logging and analysis Test System Base Standard (or Profile) implementation Product Implementation Under Test compilation Executable Test Suite (e.g., C++) Industry validation Continuous interaction between all partners is essential for the process (WiMAX, BRAN, PTCC, STF, test house, test tool vendors, manufacturers)

45Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE Conclusions Wireless industry needs global standards ETSI BRAN supports all harmonization efforts with other parallel standardization bodies Co-operation BRAN - IEEE shows what can be achieved how standard bodies can contribute to each other Co-operation BRAN - WiMAX Forum Important signal to the market ETSI benefits from WiMAX marketing and certification strength WiMAX Forum benefits from ETSI experience and work approach ETSI has access to regulatory bodies

46Bernd Friedrichs, EG/FW-RSE (ETSI portal) (ETSI PTCC and testing issues) (BRAN Chairman) For more information...