Specific Gravity of Soils

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Presentation transcript:

Specific Gravity of Soils

Specific Gravity This number indicates how much heavier/lighter a material is than water. In soils, SG refers to the mass of solid matter of a given soil sample as compared to an equal volume of water.

Specific Gravity For example: A material with SG of 2 is twice as heavy as water (2x 62.4 lbs/ft3 ) = 124.8 lbs/ft3 Equation Form: SG = Ms/VsΥwater We use the SG of soils to calculate other engineering properties like the volume of solids in a sample…. This leads to the phase diagram (like last class) and… S, n, e

Specific Gravity Soil Solids Water W = 187.2 lbs W= 62.4 lbs SG= 187.2/62.4 = 3.0 1 ft3 1 ft3

General Ranges of SG For Soils Sand 2.63 – 2.67 Silt 2.65-2.7 Clay & Silty Clay 2.67-2.9 Organic Soils <2.0

Procedures For Specific Gravity Lab ASTM D 854 See Chapter 3, Page 55 For Your Data Sheet APPARATUS: 500 ml flask Ice Heating Plate Thermometer C Scale (readability .1g) Evaporating Dish Distilled Water

Procedures (Method B) Dry specimens to constant mass in oven at 110 C. Select a 500 ml flask and record mass (g) Fill with distilled water to 500 ml line and record mass (g) Record temperature of water in degrees Celsius (T1). Pour 2/3 of water back into distilled container

Weigh out 100g of sandy soil and transfer to flask Add distilled to 2/3 full and boil gently for 10 minutes Bring temperature back to T1 using cooling bucket w/ice. Add distilled to 500 ml line and record mass (g) Record mass of evaporating dish (g) Pour ALL sample into dish and dry to constant weight. Record mass of oven dried dish/sample. Complete calculations on data sheet, including correction for temperature …. SG is always reported at 20 C. See page 44 for correction factors.