Factor 5 Flow City Future Images of Sustainable Urban Development in the Baltic Sea Region Per G Berg Landscape Planning Department, SLU Uppsala

The Planetary Shield is Injured

Here it is: our endangered atmospheric shield

The Cities in the Baltic Sea Region is a part of the Problem

So What is a Factor Five Flow City?

Definition 1: Factor 5 City A factor 5 City has reduced its need for life support areas to 20% of the present situation, without compromising with the citizens’ access to culture, parks, service, education and work places. A factor 5 City has reduced its need for life support areas to 20% of the present situation, without compromising with the citizens’ access to culture, parks, service, education and work places.

Definition 2 : Flow City Physical, economic, organisational and other resources continuously streaming or being exchanged in a dynamic system (e.g. a city). Physical, economic, organisational and other resources continuously streaming or being exchanged in a dynamic system (e.g. a city). E.g. flows of energy, money, traffic, laundry and knowledge. Also a light state of mind – a psychological sense of Context. E.g. flows of energy, money, traffic, laundry and knowledge. Also a light state of mind – a psychological sense of Context.

Definition 3: Factor 5 Flow City FFFC is a semi-quantitative metaphor for a city with radically less need for physical life support and with far less cultural, social and organisational “friction” than today. FFFC is a semi-quantitative metaphor for a city with radically less need for physical life support and with far less cultural, social and organisational “friction” than today.

Factor five flow city = 5 x more efficient than today Uses only 20% of the fossile fuels of today Uses only 20% of the fossile fuels of today Has only 20% of the nutrient losses Has only 20% of the nutrient losses Reduce transport CO2-exhaust with 80% Reduce transport CO2-exhaust with 80% Has a five time longer ”active” coastline between built and green structues Has a five time longer ”active” coastline between built and green structues Produces the same social, organisational and cultural resources with only a fifth of the ecosystems life support area. Produces the same social, organisational and cultural resources with only a fifth of the ecosystems life support area.

Is this a Good Example?

I was just kidding….

There are good FFFC house level examples – The Lindås house without Heat System

FFFC communities – Hågaby model area: 50 aspects of SD.

There are also good FFFC plans for townscape areas

Examples of Factor Five Flow City Candidates TOWNS (Baltic Reg) TOWNS (Baltic Reg) Livani, Latvia Livani, Latvia Hällefors, Sweden Hällefors, Sweden Hannover, Germany Hannover, Germany Novgorod, Russia Novgorod, Russia Sopot, Poland Sopot, Poland Turku, Finland Turku, Finland CITIES CITIES Vancouver Vancouver Seattle Seattle Münich Münich Hong Kong Hong Kong Stockholm Stockholm Curitiba Curitiba

Factor five flow Regions The Baltic Sea Region The Baltic Sea Region Mediterranian region Mediterranian region Alp-Adriatic Region Alp-Adriatic Region North West U.S. and Canada North West U.S. and Canada North-West Russia North-West Russia Southern Africa Southern Africa

Why Factor 5 Flow City?

The Carrying Capacity of Soils CULTURE YEARIND / km2 CULTURE YEARIND / km2 Hunters and Gatherers <4000 B.C.1 Hunters and Gatherers <4000 B.C.1 Slash-Burn Agriculture B.C.20 Slash-Burn Agriculture B.C.20 Permanent Agriculture Permanent Agriculture Meadow-field Agriculture Meadow-field Agriculture Modern Agriculture Modern Agriculture Looks good, doesn’t it?

Simultaneously……

Life-Support areas (LSA) are too large Carl Folke et al AMBIO

The ratio between City and LSA City – Life-support-Area City-Primary Production: 1:200 City-Waste Assimilation area 1: City- Total Life-Support Area ~ 1: 1000 The Goal is: 1:200 = Factor 5

Or expressed as footprints: 29 largest BSR cities appropriate % of the Baltic Sea Drainage Basin

How can FFFC be realised?

Seven planning resources (framework) for a Factor Five Flow City – adopted from the Habitat Agenda (1996 and 2001) P E B OS C A

A factor five flow culture…. Conserve physical resources and introduce renewable energy, materials and waters Conserve physical resources and introduce renewable energy, materials and waters Decouple economy from environmental impact Decouple economy from environmental impact Fractally integrate green and built structures Fractally integrate green and built structures Forms an organisationally efficient city, town, community and settlement structure Forms an organisationally efficient city, town, community and settlement structure Upholds strong social communities supporting a sustainable and healthy lifestyle Upholds strong social communities supporting a sustainable and healthy lifestyle Always emphasises its local cultures over time Always emphasises its local cultures over time Designs intersensory supportive human habitats Designs intersensory supportive human habitats

Conserve physical resources: energy, materials and waters The Renewable Diversity Era The Renewable Diversity Era The Bio-Detoxification Era The Bio-Detoxification Era The Dematerialisation Era The Dematerialisation Era The Cascade Coupling Era The Cascade Coupling Era The Sustainable Lifestyle Era The Sustainable Lifestyle Era The Lighter Backpack Era The Lighter Backpack Era

Non-renewable Uranium: Formation time: >3 billion years

Non-renewable Carbon: Formation time: 300 million years

Half-renewablePeat: formation time: 300 to 3000 years

Renewable Bio-Pellets : Formation time: 3-30 years

Renewable Solar energy : Formation time: Seconds

The Chinese Thermos

The New Solar Heat Cool Storage Miracle Machine from ClimateWell

The Detoxification Era: Our invisible Allies

The Dematerialisation Era : Step 1 Prime minister’s Heat absorbers

The Dematerialisation ERA: Step 2: The Factor 5 Rubber Cloth Absorber

The Dematerialisation Era: Step 3 – The factor 1000 Chinese Thermos

The cascade coupling Era: The Living machine

The Sustainable Lifestyle Era

The Lighter Backpack Era

CONCLUSIONS: The Factor Five flow City:

Decouples Economic Growth from Environmental Impact – the Factor 5 Car (energy and materials)

Fractally integrate built and Green structures…

…Utilises the Green-Blue City Coast = factor 5 longer than a compact circle

Forms an efficient communities-, transport-, and information-infrastructure = factor 5

Upholds strong communities supporting a sustainable and healthy factor 5 lifestyle

Always emphasises its local Heritage over time, which contributes to a Factor 5 lifestyle

Designs intersensory supportive human habitats = supports factor 5 lifestyle

Programme : Factor Five Flow City in 10 Baltic Region Cities 10 comprehensive plans 10 comprehensive plans 50 years futures studies on Factor five flow adataption 50 years futures studies on Factor five flow adataption 10 core researchers 10 core researchers 50 assisting senior and junior researchers 50 assisting senior and junior researchers Practitioners and communication teams continuously reviewing Practitioners and communication teams continuously reviewing

Factor 5 Flow City Per G Berg Landscape Planning Department, SLU Uppsala INFO and LINKS: