Design Unit Test Review Elements & Principles

What are the 5 Elements? Space Line Texture Form Color

Elements of Design: Colour p.407-425

Colour has symbolic differences from culture to culture Europe & North America: Brides wear white India & China: Brides wear red America: Black is for mourning Africa: Black symbolizes strength China: Black indicates joy

Colour & Mood Colour Colour influences how people feel It can be used to create a certain mood [ex: red may make you feel bold or excited] Colour can make a room feel cool (blues & greens) or warm (reds & yellows) The colours you choose will depend on how you use the room

Colour & Optical Illusions Things appear closer with warm colour and farther with cool colours Bold & bright colours will cause objects to stand out more than pale colours

The Colour Wheel: Primary Colours Red, Yellow, Blue [colour “1” sections] Equal distance apart on the colour wheel Mixing other colours cannot create primary colours

The Colour Wheel: Secondary Colours Orange, Green, Violet [colour “2” sections] Mixing equal parts of 2 primary colours makes secondary colours

The Colour Wheel: Tertiary Colours Created by combining a primary colour with a neighboring secondary colour [colour “3” sections]

The Colour Wheel

Colour Terms Colour Hue: the specific name of a colour Intensity: the colour’s brightness or dullness (primary colours are the most intense) Value: the amount of black or white in a colour Tint: when you add white to a colour to lighten it (ex – red to pink) Shade: when you add black to a colour to darken it (ex: blue to navy)

Colour Hue Intensity This is orange More intense Less Intense

Colour Value Tint Shade BLUE Add white Add Black

What are Neutrals? Colour They are not colors on the color wheel Brown, black, white, beige, etc.

Colour Colour Schemes See handout & textbook (p.415) to complete colour schemes

The Impact of Colour: Colour Cool colours (ex: blue, green, violet) give the illusion of distance Warm colours (ex: red, orange, yellow) tend to make items advance Contrasting colours (ex: red & green) make objects more defined

What must be considered before deciding on a colour scheme? p. 418-9 What must be considered before deciding on a colour scheme?

Things to consider when planning colour: Style of the room Mood of the room What effect do you want to create? Ask the client How much time will be spent in the room

Elements of Design Element #2: Line

Line Line Marks space Outlines form Conveys a sense of movement or direction One dimension: length

Lines can be… Line Vertical Diagonal Horizontal Curved Our eyes will naturally follow the length of a line. Therefore, we use lines to create illusions or design effects in a space

Line Vertical lines Create a sense of height Create a sense of action

Horizontal lines: Line Create a feeling of rest/relaxation Can add length to a space

Diagonal or zig zag lines: Create a sense of excitement Create a sense of movement or energy

Line Curved lines: Create a sense of freedom Feel natural

FORM October 28th 2013

Form Function – what a form will be used for. Example, a beds function is a place to sleep Aesthetic – the beauty, artistic impact, or appearance of a form

Form may be two – dimensional having length and width Like a wall Like a window

Form may also be three dimensional – having length, width and depth. Like a coffee table

Form follows Function, Function follows Form The FORM of the object helps the FUNCTION of the object and because of the FUNCTION of the object, the FORM will be suited to that FUNCTION. Easy Example: A Lazy Boy Chair

The Elements of Design SPACE

SPACE Element #1 What is space? The three dimensional area designed by a designer Examples: a room, a house, a restaurant, a park, etc. A designer either fills or leaves a space open

Negative Space: … not to be confused with bad or undesirable space The amount of unfilled space Space not taken up by furniture or objects A designer knows how much negative space is needed to make a space look and feel comfortable

Elements of Design Texture

Texture Texture has to do with the look and feel that certain textural pieces invoke Before you think, great this is going to be stupid consider some of the textures from your childhood Everyone knows that colour plays a huge part in design but texture is also a large part, if it’s done right

This looks like rough bricks, however it is flat wallpaper Texture Texture Texture is the appearance or “feel” of the surface of an object. Brick or wallpaper? This looks like rough bricks, however it is flat wallpaper

Texture Textures can be physically touched (TACTILE TEXTURE) Experienced visually (VISUAL TEXTURE) You can often predict what a surface will feel like by looking at it, however certain printing techniques can fool the eye.

Texture Texture & Effects ROUGH TEXTURES: SMOOTH TEXTURES: Appear darker in colour because they absorb light Objects may seem larger SMOOTH TEXTURES: Appear lighter in colour because they reflect light Attract attention

Scale Balance Proportion Rhythm Emphasis Unity & Variety Principles of Design Scale Balance Proportion Rhythm Emphasis Unity & Variety

Scale Principles of Design

There are three ways to think about scale: Human to objects scale Object to object scale Object(s) to space scale

Scale Human Scale “Human scale refers to the relationship between the human body and its environment” – C. Colli Interior spaces that are excessively large make us, the humans interacting with the space, feel small. Ex: an oversized hotel lobby. On the contrary, spaces that are too small make us feel large. Ex: a small child’s playroom.

Objects/Forms to Space Scale Objects/Forms to Space Finally, we must consider the scale between the objects/forms to a space. Furniture can be too large for a space There can be too much furniture There can be too much “negative space” There can be good scale of objects to space!

The Principles of Design Balance

Balance Balance The design principle that provides a feeling of equality It occurs when the amount, size or weight of objects on both sides of a center point is equal or when groups of objects seem to be equal The two main techniques for achieving balance are: Symmetrical balance or Formal balance Asymmetrical balance or Informal balance

Symmetrical Balance Balance The arrangement of forms on one side of an imaginary central line is the mirror image of the forms on the opposite side Symmetry conveys dignity, quiet, and a feeling of rest and calm Applying symmetrical design is a good place to start when first working with balance but if overused, it may have a monotonous appearance

Asymmetrical Balance Balance Elements on either side of an imaginary central line are unmatched, but appear to be in balance Different sizes, forms, textures, and colors can be combined to achieve asymmetrical balance Example, a round object can balance a square object of similar or apparently similar weight/size

The Principles of Design Design rules for the elements

#1 Proportion Proportion The size relationships that can be found within an object Proportions are expressed as ratios (2:3) This principle was developed by the ancient Greeks. They discovered that some proportions are more pleasing than others

For example, imagine an area rug For example, imagine an area rug. When you consider its proportions, you think about…

Pleasing Proportions continued… Unequal divisions of space are often more appealing to the eye than equal divisions How would you use a patterned throw to create unequal distribution?

The Golden Section Proportion Ancient Greeks studied proportion and developed the theory of the Golden Section It is the division of a line between one-half and one-third of its total length Ex. curtain tiebacks

The Golden Rectangle Proportion Use this sequence to approximate a golden rectangle: 2,3,5,8,13 (notice how each number is the sum of the two preceding numbers). A rectangle with dimensions based on two consecutive numbers in the sequence – 3:5 or 8:13 – will be close to the ideal shape http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmaVqkR0ZXg

The Principles of Design

What is Rhythm? It is the principle that suggests connected movement between different parts of a design It could be created with the elements: color, lines, forms, or textures Rhythm can be referred to as continuity It can add interest but if overused can create monotony

Gradation Repetition Radiation Opposition Transition How is Rhythm Achieved? Gradation Repetition Radiation Opposition Transition

Repetition This is the most common form of rhythm It is the act of repeating. It can be a pattern A A A A or an alternating pattern such as A B A B of different elements The repeating pattern leads the eye from one point to another

Radiation When lines radiate, or move outward, from a central point

Gradation A gradual increasing or decreasing of color, size, or pattern Gradation causes the eye to follow the line created Gradual changes in form is more pleasing than an abrupt one

Opposition When lines come together to form right angles

Transition When lines change direction by flowing in a curve, or when curved lines lead the eye from one object to another

The Principles of Design Emphasis

Emphasis We often use the terms center of interest and/or focal point to describe this principle The emphasis should be on something that draws attention It could be an object, a group of objects, color, etc. The choice of emphasis is personal. It should be dominant but not overpower the rest of the space

Chapter 24 Choosing Backgrounds Materials Chapter 24 Choosing Backgrounds

Choosing Backgrounds What are Backgrounds? Floors, walls, ceilings, and windows are the Backgrounds in interior design.

Floors Choosing Backgrounds There are three types of flooring: Hard Soft Resilient

Countertops Choosing Backgrounds There are many types of countertop materials: Granite Marble Concrete Steel

Wall Finishes Choosing Backgrounds There are many ways to finish walls in a home Drywall Tile Plaster Concrete

Chapter 27 Choosing Lighting & Accessories

Direct and Indirect Direct Light – shines on specific areas Choosing Lighting Direct and Indirect Direct Light – shines on specific areas Indirect Light – is light reflected off of ceilings and walls. This light is diffused and softened

Lighting Three are three basic types of lighting that work together: Choosing Backgrounds Lighting Three are three basic types of lighting that work together: 1.Ambient (general lighting) 2.Task 3.Accent Successful lighting will incorporate all 3

Lighting Options Choosing Lighting Incandescent Light Bulbs Weaknesses Fluorescent Strengths Fibre Optics Notes Halogen Bulbs Weakness Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Strength

Accessories Choosing Accessories Without accessories, a room is sterile. An interior space needs to be more than just walls, floors, and ceiling. Here are some examples of accessories:

Accessorize Choosing Accessories http://www.pinterest.com/mrobin032009/home-interior-design-accessories/