Elements from Stardust Chapter 3 Section 4. Where do Elements Come from? FWhere do you think rare elements come from? FIn order to answer this, scientists.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Origin of the Elements.
Advertisements

Life Cycle of Stars. Omega / Swan Nebula (M17) Stars are born from great clouds of gas and dust called Stars are born from great clouds of gas and dust.
Garfield Graphics included with kind permission from PAWS Inc. All Rights Reserved. Fusion The power source of the stars!
16-4 Elements from Stardust. Elements from Stars Scientists study the stars and our sun to understand how elements (matter) were created and why. Scientists.
Where do elements come from?. Remember the Big Bang? The theory states that Universe today retains an imprint of its initial cosmic mixture of elements.
Chapter 3: Elements and the Periodic Table
Where Did the Elements Come From?
The life and death of stars. How do stars work and evolve? Why do stars shine? –Nuclear reactions Fusion and fission reactions How nuclear reactions can.
Elements from Stardust. Build a Diagram Find Hydrogen 1, Hydrogen 2 and Hydrogen 3 Bohr atom models. Illustrate Find typical Helium Bohr atom models.
Stellar Evolution. Forces build inside the protostar until they are great enough to fuse hydrogen atoms together into helium. In this conversion.
Nuclear Reactions: AN INTRODUCTION TO FISSION & FUSION Farley Visitors Center.
Lives of stars.
The Universe Preview Understanding Concepts Reading Skills
Section 1: Structure of the Sun
19.9 nuclear fusion  light nuclei combine to give a more stable heavy nucleus plus possibly several neutrons, and energy is released. Used in hydrogen.
7.4 Nuclear Fusion – The power of stars 21 September 2015 The Sun – Fact or Fiction?
Nuclear Energy.
Nuclear Fusion Nuclear Fusion is a process in which two or more smaller nuclei collide and form a new, larger nucleus. In some fusion reactions, a neutron,
The Sun Section 1 Section 1: Structure of the Sun Preview Objectives The Sun’s Energy Nuclear Fusion Mass Changing into Energy The Sun’s Interior The Sun’s.
Yr 11 Astronomy. What are Stars? A Star is a huge ball of hot glowing gas. They produce their own light and heat by nuclear reactions The Sun is the closest.
Pg. 12.  Mass governs a star’s properties  Energy is generated by nuclear fusion  Stars that aren’t on main sequence of H-R either have fusion from.
Goal: To understand how stars generate their energy Objectives: To learn about the Proton – Proton Chain To learn about the Carbon – Nitrogen – Oxygen.
The Sun is a mass of Incandescent Gas A gigantic nuclear furnace.
For each atom, in its natural state, the number of electrons and the number of protons is equal. This number may or may not be the same as the number.
Nuclear Forces The power behind Stars. Fundamental Forces Gravity –Attractive force governed by mass Electromagnetism –Attractive or repulsive force that.
Section 1: Structure of the Sun
1 Stellar Lifecycles The process by which stars are formed and use up their fuel. What exactly happens to a star as it uses up its fuel is strongly dependent.
Our sun is a star located at the center of our Solar System. It is a huge, spinning ball of hot gas and nuclear reactions that lights up the Earth and.
Elements p. 33.
A cloud of gas and dust collapses due to gravity.
Fusion in the Stars Nunez & Panogalinog. Nuclear Fusion in stars is one of the most important reasons which make life on Earth possible! ○ HOW IS THAT.
Starter activity Name 5 elements. Name 5 compounds. Name 5 mixtures. Starter activity Name 5 elements. Name 5 compounds. Name 5 mixtures.
Stars Diamonds of the sky.
The Evolution of Stars.
Star in a Box Exploring the lifecycle of stars. Stars in the Night Sky.
Video Questions What elements were created during the big bang?
Jeopardy AtomsParticlesFusion Periodic Table Trends Q $100 Q $200 Q $300 Q $400 Q $500 Q $100 Q $200 Q $300 Q $400 Q $500 Final Jeopardy.
Radioactivity Nuclear Fission and Fusion. Definition: breaking an unstable nucleus into two smaller nuclei Basic formula Element+ Neutron → + 3 neutronsSmaller.
NUCLEAR FUSION.
Section 4 Nuclear Fission Nuclear fission is the process of splitting a nucleus into several smaller nuclei Only large nuclei such plutonium can undergo.
The Sun By: JGilliam The Sun’s CompositionIdentifying Stars Composition ▪ Hydrogen and Helium together make up 99% of the sun’s mass. ▪ 75% of the sun’s.
Nuclear Reactions: FISSION & FUSION ã Nuclear reactions deal with interactions between the nuclei of atoms ã Both fission and fusion processes deal with.
FORMATION OF STARS SES4U. OBJECTIVES 1. Name, describe, and give examples of several kinds of nebulae and explain the relationship between nebulae and.
10/30 & 10/31- 8 th Grade Agenda Learning Objective: Learn about Radioactive Elements Collect Hw: Reading & Notetaking p.81 & 82 Class Reading p.158 –
Welcome– 10/17 Collect Lab Reports Big Bang Theory and Life Cycle of the Star Notes Nuclear Chemistry Notes HW: NONE!
Fusion The reason we have life on Earth. Expectation #8: Definition A nuclear reaction in which smaller atomic nuclei collide at high speed to make a.
 There was nothing Billion Years Ago  Energy expanded out from a single point called a singularity.  Really HOT  No matter yet (no atoms)
Life (and Death) as a High Mass Star. A “high-mass star” is one with more than about A) the mass of the Sun B) 2 times the mass of the Sun C) 4 times.
The Periodic Table: A systematic catalog of elements. Elements are arranged in order of atomic number.
 In nuclear fission, large atoms are split apart to form smaller atoms, releasing energy.  Fission also produces new neutrons when an atom splits. 
Stellar Evolution Chapters 16, 17 & 18. Stage 1: Protostars Protostars form in cold, dark nebulae. Interstellar gas and dust are the raw materials from.
Stellar Evolution (Star Life-Cycle). Basic Structure Mass governs a star’s temperature, luminosity, and diameter. In fact, astronomers have discovered.
11.3 Nuclear Fusion and Fission. Nuclear Fission The splitting of the nucleus of a large atom into two or more smaller nuclei. Involves releasing tremendous.
Nuclear Fusion Basics 10/25/16
Tuesday November 29, 2011 Objective: you will know how elements are created in stars and super nova.
Fusion and Fission.
GCSE Astronomy – Lesson 3
Nuclear Fusion.
Write to Think LESSON 158 What does the term ‘classify’ mean to you?
Fission Vs. Fusion.
Origin of Elements.
THE UNIVERSE Part 1: stars.
Life Cycle of a Star.
The Chemistry of the Solar System
What is nuclear fusion. How is it different to fission?
Life Cycle of Stars LT: SWBAT identify the basic timeline of star lifecycle AND describe the processes that produce stellar energy and elements. Opener:
11/3 - 8th Grade Agenda Learning Objective: Learn about Half Life
All the elements originally present on Earth were synthesized from hydrogen and helium nuclei in the interiors of the stars that have long since exploded.
Atomic Structure.
Presentation transcript:

Elements from Stardust Chapter 3 Section 4

Where do Elements Come from? FWhere do you think rare elements come from? FIn order to answer this, scientists have formed some interesting hypotheses by studying the sun and other stars. FScientists have been looking in the inside of stars. FWhere do you think rare elements come from? FIn order to answer this, scientists have formed some interesting hypotheses by studying the sun and other stars. FScientists have been looking in the inside of stars.

Atomic Nuclei Collide FLike many other stars, the sun is made mostly of one element - hydrogen. FThis hydrogen exists at tremendously high pressures and hot temperatures. FHow hot is it? FThe temperature in the sun’s core is 15 million degrees Celsius. FLike many other stars, the sun is made mostly of one element - hydrogen. FThis hydrogen exists at tremendously high pressures and hot temperatures. FHow hot is it? FThe temperature in the sun’s core is 15 million degrees Celsius.

Plasma FAt such high pressures and hot temperatures found inside the sun and other stars, hydrogen does not exist as a solid, liquid or gas. FInstead it exists in a state called plasma. FIn the plasma state of matter, atoms are stripped of their electrons and the nuclei are packed close together. FRemember that atomic nuclei contain protons, which means that nuclei are positively charged. FNormally, positively charged nuclei repel each other. But inside stars where matter is in the plasma state, nuclei are close enough and moving fast enough to collide with each other. FAt such high pressures and hot temperatures found inside the sun and other stars, hydrogen does not exist as a solid, liquid or gas. FInstead it exists in a state called plasma. FIn the plasma state of matter, atoms are stripped of their electrons and the nuclei are packed close together. FRemember that atomic nuclei contain protons, which means that nuclei are positively charged. FNormally, positively charged nuclei repel each other. But inside stars where matter is in the plasma state, nuclei are close enough and moving fast enough to collide with each other.

Nuclear Fusion FWhen colliding nuclei have enough energy, they can join together in a process called nuclear fusion. FIn nuclear fusion, atomic nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus, releasing huge amounts of energy in the process. FInside stars, nuclear fusion combines smaller nuclei into larger nuclei, thus creating heavier elements. FFor this reason, you can think of stars as “element factories.” FWhen colliding nuclei have enough energy, they can join together in a process called nuclear fusion. FIn nuclear fusion, atomic nuclei combine to form a larger nucleus, releasing huge amounts of energy in the process. FInside stars, nuclear fusion combines smaller nuclei into larger nuclei, thus creating heavier elements. FFor this reason, you can think of stars as “element factories.”

Elements from the Sun FWhat are the steps of nuclear fusion in the sun and other stars? FA hydrogen nucleus always contains one proton. FHowever, different types of hydrogen contain 2 neutrons, 1 neutron, or 0 neutrons. FInside the sun, hydrogen nuclei undergo a nuclear fusion reaction that produces a helium nuclei. Notice that this requires the type of hydrogen nuclei that has neutrons. FThis type of hydrogen is rare on Earth but common inside of the sun. FLook on page 105 to see the illustration in Figure 25. FWhat are the steps of nuclear fusion in the sun and other stars? FA hydrogen nucleus always contains one proton. FHowever, different types of hydrogen contain 2 neutrons, 1 neutron, or 0 neutrons. FInside the sun, hydrogen nuclei undergo a nuclear fusion reaction that produces a helium nuclei. Notice that this requires the type of hydrogen nuclei that has neutrons. FThis type of hydrogen is rare on Earth but common inside of the sun. FLook on page 105 to see the illustration in Figure 25.

Hydrogen Nuclei form Helium Nuclei Hydrogen nuclei Helium nuclei Helium Hydrogen (with and without neutron) (one neutron each nucleus nucleus

The Sun’s Source of Energy FAs two hydrogen nuclei fuse together, they release a great deal of energy. FIn fact, this reaction is the major source of the energy that the sun now produces. FIn other words, hydrogen is the fuel that powers the sun. FScientists estimate that the sun has enough hydrogen to last another 5 billion years and then it will eventually run out. FAs two hydrogen nuclei fuse together, they release a great deal of energy. FIn fact, this reaction is the major source of the energy that the sun now produces. FIn other words, hydrogen is the fuel that powers the sun. FScientists estimate that the sun has enough hydrogen to last another 5 billion years and then it will eventually run out.

How elements are produced FAs more and more helium builds up in the core, the sun’s temperature and volume change. FThese changes allow different nuclear reactions to occur. FOver time, two or more helium nuclei combine to form the nuclei of slightly heavier elements. FAs more and more helium builds up in the core, the sun’s temperature and volume change. FThese changes allow different nuclear reactions to occur. FOver time, two or more helium nuclei combine to form the nuclei of slightly heavier elements.

The Process FFirst, two helium nuclei combine, forming a beryllium nucleus. Then another helium nucleus can join with the beryllium nucleus, forming a carbon nucleus, And another helium nuclei joins the carbon nucleus, forming oxygen. FStars the size of the sun do not contain enough energy to produce heavier elements than oxygen. FFirst, two helium nuclei combine, forming a beryllium nucleus. Then another helium nucleus can join with the beryllium nucleus, forming a carbon nucleus, And another helium nuclei joins the carbon nucleus, forming oxygen. FStars the size of the sun do not contain enough energy to produce heavier elements than oxygen.

Elements from Larger Stars FAs they age, larger stars become even hotter than the sun. FThese stars have enough energy to produce heavier elements, such as magnesium and silicon. FIn more massive stars, fusion continues until the core is almost all iron. FAs they age, larger stars become even hotter than the sun. FThese stars have enough energy to produce heavier elements, such as magnesium and silicon. FIn more massive stars, fusion continues until the core is almost all iron.

Supernova FHow are elements heavier than iron produced? FIn the final hours of most massive stars, scientists have observed an event called a supernova. FA supernova is a tremendous explosion that breaks apart a massive star producing temperatures up to one billion degrees Celsius. FA supernova provides enough energy for the nuclear fusion reaction that creates the heaviest elements. FHow are elements heavier than iron produced? FIn the final hours of most massive stars, scientists have observed an event called a supernova. FA supernova is a tremendous explosion that breaks apart a massive star producing temperatures up to one billion degrees Celsius. FA supernova provides enough energy for the nuclear fusion reaction that creates the heaviest elements.

Where did the Matter of the Sun and Planets Come From? FMost astronomers agree that the matter in the sun and and the planets around it, including Earth, originally came from a gigantic supernova that occurred billions of years ago. FIf this is true, it means that everything around you was created in a star. FSo all matter on Earth is a form of stardust. FMost astronomers agree that the matter in the sun and and the planets around it, including Earth, originally came from a gigantic supernova that occurred billions of years ago. FIf this is true, it means that everything around you was created in a star. FSo all matter on Earth is a form of stardust.