Classroom Chemistry Grade 5 Science Mr. Larson

Student Learner Expectations

Safety Rules Do not let chemicals come in contact with your skin Do not let chemicals come in contact with your skin Rinse well, if you do get chemicals on yourself. Rinse well, if you do get chemicals on yourself. Wipe up spills immediately. Wipe up spills immediately. Wash your hands with soap Wash your hands with soap Never taste chemicals. Never taste chemicals. Waft, when smelling. Waft, when smelling.

Matter Matter is the substance of which physical objects are composed. Matter is the substance of which physical objects are composed. It can be solid, liquid or gas. It can be solid, liquid or gas.

Solids Molecules are attached and bunched together in a “solid” form. Molecules are attached and bunched together in a “solid” form. Doesn’t change shape easily. Doesn’t change shape easily. Another solid cannot pass through easily Another solid cannot pass through easily

Liquid Molecules fill the space of the container they are in. Molecules fill the space of the container they are in. They can shape easily. They can shape easily. A solid can pass through it. A solid can pass through it.

Gas Molecules freely move around. They are not closely bound together. Molecules freely move around. They are not closely bound together. Changes shape easily Changes shape easily A solid can pass through it easily. A solid can pass through it easily.

Changes of State Solid to Liquid- Melting Solid to Liquid- Melting Liquid to Solid- Freezing Liquid to Solid- Freezing Liquid to Gas- Evaporation Liquid to Gas- Evaporation Gas to Liquid- Condensation Gas to Liquid- Condensation

Mixtures Matter can generally be mixed with other types of matter. Matter can generally be mixed with other types of matter. A mixture is when particles of one substance mixes with particles of another substance. They are generally pure substances. A mixture is when particles of one substance mixes with particles of another substance. They are generally pure substances.

Where do we see mixtures? Brainstorm as a small group. Brainstorm as a small group. Examples: recipes, construction-concrete, water, lemonade, salad dressings. Examples: recipes, construction-concrete, water, lemonade, salad dressings. BLM #1 BLM #1

Separating Mixtures How can you separate substances from a mixture? How can you separate substances from a mixture? BLM #2 BLM #2 Methods of Separating: sieves, magnets, air, water, evaporation, distilling, filtering Methods of Separating: sieves, magnets, air, water, evaporation, distilling, filtering

Separating Mixtures In groups, complete BLM #2 In groups, complete BLM #2 See if you can separate the mixture you are given. See if you can separate the mixture you are given.

Methods of Separating Sieves: can be used to separate solids. Sieves: can be used to separate solids. Magnets: can pick magnetic objects, from non-magnetic. Magnets: can pick magnetic objects, from non-magnetic.

Methods of Separating Air: you can blow away lighter substances, to leave heavier ones. Air: you can blow away lighter substances, to leave heavier ones. Water: some substances will float or sink based on their buoyancy. Water: some substances will float or sink based on their buoyancy.

Methods of Separating Evaporation: evaporate the liquid and leave the solid. Evaporation: evaporate the liquid and leave the solid. Distilling: the processing of vaporizing into gas and then condensing back into a liquid Distilling: the processing of vaporizing into gas and then condensing back into a liquid

Methods of Separating Filtration: using a filter and pouring the liquid through to separate the solid. Filtration: using a filter and pouring the liquid through to separate the solid. ages/10_11/rev_irrev_changes.shtml ages/10_11/rev_irrev_changes.shtml

Mixing Liquids BLM #3 and #4 BLM #3 and #4 Some liquids mix completely and are unable to be separated. eg: Milk and Tea Some liquids mix completely and are unable to be separated. eg: Milk and Tea Some liquids do not dissolve in others and are more buoyant. eg: oil and water Some liquids do not dissolve in others and are more buoyant. eg: oil and water Some liquids are heavier, less buoyant and settle on the bottom. eg: syrup Some liquids are heavier, less buoyant and settle on the bottom. eg: syrup

Mixing Liquids Some liquids react to each other. Eg: vinegar and milk. Some liquids react to each other. Eg: vinegar and milk. Some liquids are able to dissolve solids, while some are not. Some liquids are able to dissolve solids, while some are not. Lemonade is an example of a liquid mixture. Lemonade is an example of a liquid mixture.

Activity: Layering Liquids Why were the liquids able to be layered and not mixed? Why were the liquids able to be layered and not mixed? Try mixing two different liquids, record your observations. Try mixing two different liquids, record your observations.

Lifesaver Experiment BLM #6 and 7 BLM #6 and 7 Observe how long the lifesaver takes to dissolve Observe how long the lifesaver takes to dissolve The lifesaver dissolved into the water The lifesaver dissolved into the water Dissolve is when a solid crumbles into a liquid. Dissolve is when a solid crumbles into a liquid. Can you make it dissolve faster? Can you make it dissolve faster?

Lifesaver Experiment: Inferences Manipulated Variable- Manipulated Variable- Responding Variable- amount of time it will take to dissolve a lifesaver. Responding Variable- amount of time it will take to dissolve a lifesaver.

Solutions A homogeneous mixture in which the solute is uniformly distributed throughout the solvent. A homogeneous mixture in which the solute is uniformly distributed throughout the solvent. Solute- The substance that is being dissolved in a solution. Solute- The substance that is being dissolved in a solution. Solvent- the substance that does the dissolving in a solution Solvent- the substance that does the dissolving in a solution

Suspension A mixture in which very small particles of a solid remain suspended without dissolving. A mixture in which very small particles of a solid remain suspended without dissolving. Heterogeneous Mixture- when one substance is unevenly mixed with another. Heterogeneous Mixture- when one substance is unevenly mixed with another.

Separating Solutions Filtering Filtering Pouring off the liquid Pouring off the liquid Evaporation Evaporation Solution to Recovery Activity Solution to Recovery Activity

Crystals We can recover a dissolved substance by evaporation. We can recover a dissolved substance by evaporation. We can create crystals when the liquid evaporates. We can create crystals when the liquid evaporates.

Surface Tension Water droplets are round and shaped like balloons Water droplets are round and shaped like balloons The film that forms on the surface of the water is called surface tension. The film that forms on the surface of the water is called surface tension. Surface tension is due to cohesion. An attraction of the molecules in water. Surface tension is due to cohesion. An attraction of the molecules in water.

Surface Tension Water is very cohesive. The water molecules act like glue. Water is very cohesive. The water molecules act like glue. Penny Challenge Penny Challenge Paper Clip Paper Clip Why was the water able to bulge up? Surface tension-cohesion of water molecules.

Carbon Dioxide Air is composed of 78% Nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1% other gases like carbon dioxide, water vapour, helium, etc. Air is composed of 78% Nitrogen, 21% oxygen and 1% other gases like carbon dioxide, water vapour, helium, etc. We breath oxygen. We breath oxygen. Carbon Dioxide is the gas we breath out. That is formed from burning fuel. Carbon Dioxide is the gas we breath out. That is formed from burning fuel. Carbon dioxide is heavier than oxygen Carbon dioxide is heavier than oxygen Gas in a Bag activity. BLM #12 Gas in a Bag activity. BLM #12

Reversible and Irreversible Changes Reversible changes can go back to their original state. Reversible changes can go back to their original state. Irreversible changes cannot go back to their original state. Irreversible changes cannot go back to their original state.

Chemical Reaction These are changes where two substances react chemically and they make a new substance. These are changes where two substances react chemically and they make a new substance. Testing Powders Activity Testing Powders Activity BLM 13 and 15 BLM 13 and 15

Acids and Bases An acid is substance that has ph less than 7 An acid is substance that has ph less than 7 A base is a substance that has a ph greater than 7. A base is a substance that has a ph greater than 7. Neutral has a ph of 7 Neutral has a ph of 7 Both acids and bases are potentially harmful and they eat away at other substances. Both acids and bases are potentially harmful and they eat away at other substances.

Litmus Paper Litmus paper is used to determine if a liquid is acidic or basic Litmus paper is used to determine if a liquid is acidic or basic Red Paper- acid stays red, base turns it blue Red Paper- acid stays red, base turns it blue Blue Paper- acid turns it red, base stays blue. Blue Paper- acid turns it red, base stays blue. Neutral- blue paper stays blue, red paper stays red. Neutral- blue paper stays blue, red paper stays red.