© 2013 BELL PERFORMANCE INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Fuels Overview: Heavy Fuel Oil NEW DIMENSION LOGISTICS - JANUARY 2015.

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© 2013 BELL PERFORMANCE INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Fuels Overview: Heavy Fuel Oil NEW DIMENSION LOGISTICS - JANUARY 2015

CONTACT US: BELL PERFORMANCE, INC.  What We Will Cover Petroleum refining: distillate vs. residual Heavy fuel oil characteristics Problems review Areas of use for heavy fuel oil

CONTACT US: BELL PERFORMANCE, INC.  Petroleum Refining Distillate fuels refined from crude  Natural gas  Gasoline  Light diesel (#1, #2, #4) Residual fuels: the stuff left over  #6 Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) – “Bunker C”  Asphalt and Tar

CONTACT US: BELL PERFORMANCE, INC.  Fuel Characteristics: Distillate vs Residual The properties of fuels change as their weight increases  Residual = heavy  Distillate = light Physical properties like these can influence a fuel’s characteristics in use. Consider the property of energy content

CONTACT US: BELL PERFORMANCE, INC.  Distillate vs Residual Fuels Molecule size influences weight and density Larger fuel molecules = heavier = more carbon content  Gasoline: 7-9 carbons  #2 Diesel: carbons  Heavy Fuel Oil: More carbon content = greater energy value

CONTACT US: BELL PERFORMANCE, INC.  Energy Content Relative to Size Hence why gasoline has less energy than diesel fuel Ethanol has less energy than gasoline Biodiesel has less energy than diesel fuel Energy content isn’t the only thing affected by physical properties of fuel…..

CONTACT US: BELL PERFORMANCE, INC.  Refining & Fuel Stability Cracking processes for greater yields of gasoline and diesel. Resultant less-stable molecules and greater stability problems. Not a problem for HFO.

CONTACT US: BELL PERFORMANCE, INC.  Comparing HFO To Gas & Diesel Heavier and higher density Higher sulfur content Greater inorganic content These properties give HFO some positive qualities.

CONTACT US: BELL PERFORMANCE, INC.  Heavy Fuel Oil – The Good  Higher energy value (due to higher weight)  More long-term stability (due to residual nature)  No microbial issues (from high sulfur content)  Inexpensive price

CONTACT US: BELL PERFORMANCE, INC.  Heavy Fuel Oil Becomes Ideal For These properties of heavy fuel oil make it an ideal fuel for many kinds of industry

CONTACT US: BELL PERFORMANCE, INC.  Marine Shipping

CONTACT US: BELL PERFORMANCE, INC.  Power Generation

CONTACT US: BELL PERFORMANCE, INC.  Light & Heavy Industry

CONTACT US: BELL PERFORMANCE, INC.  Every Positive Has A Down Side Typical problems with heavy fuel oil include:  Deposit buildup from high metal content  Corrosion from sulfur  Sludge dropout (from heavy content) Bell Performance offers ATX fuel treatment solution for improved heavy fuel oil performance and fewer HFO problems.