CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATIONS AND AGRI-EXTENSION PUNJAB DR MUHAMMAD ANJUM ALI DIRECTOR GENERAL AGRICULTURE (EXTENSION AND ADAPTIVE RESEARCH) PUNJAB

CLIMATE CHANGE IS NO MORE AN ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN. IT HAS EMERGED AS THE BIGGEST DEVELOPMENTAL CHALLENGE FOR THE PLANET. ( UNDP 2009)

CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE Agriculture sector being closely tied to natural resource base is more vulnerable to climate change CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND EXTREME EVENTS FOOD SYSTEM CROPPING SYSTEM CROPS AND LIVESTOCK RISKS

RISKS ON AGRICULTURE Affects Livelihood, Food Security and Economy CROPS, Low productivity and poor Quality of produce Land-Man Ratio Soil and Water Resources, Degradation and Depletion Deforestation and Desertification Soil Health and Depletion of nutrients Soil, Water and air Contamination Flooding TEMPERATURES, HUMIDITY, RAINFALL

CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTIONS Climatic Variability and Extreme Events –Temperature Rise: 0.2 degree Centigrade per decade –Mean Summer Rainfall to increase –Frequent and Longer dry spells –Shorter but Heavier Precipitation Events –Hot Extremes, Heat Waves to be more common –Contraction of Snow Cover –Rise in Sea Levels Degradation of Natural Resources (Land/Water/Bio-diversity)

Directorate of Adaptive Research Punjab Adaptive Research, Farms Adaptive Research, Stations ADAPTIVE RESEARCH SYSTEM IN PUNJAB

CHAKWAL ZONE Adaptive Research Farm Chakwal is located between Latitude 32 – 56 o N & Longitude 72 – 44 o E. The Altitude is 450 – 1050m. Cool sub-humid climate. The annual Rain Fall is mm. Barani area. Groundnut, wheat, Sarsoon, Millet and Sorghum are the major crops. Soil, eroded losses. Rawalpindi, Attock, Chakwal & Jhelum districts falls under this zone.

GUJRANWALA ZONE Adaptive Research Farm Gujranwala is located between Latitude o N & Longitude o –E. The Altitude is 226 m. The annual Rain Fall is mm Rice tract. Dominant cropping system rice-wheat-rice. Soil mainly clay loam. Tube-well supply. Gujranwala, Hafizabad, Sialkot, Narowal, Gujrat and M.B Din districts falls under this zone.

SHEIKHUPURA ZONE Adaptive Research Farm Sheikhupura is located between Latitude 31 o – 42 o N & Longitude 73 o – 59 o E. The Altitude is m. Moist sub-humid climate. The annual Rain Fall is 250 – 500 mm. Rice tract. Main crop rotation rice-wheat-rice. Soil varies from clay loam to sandy loam. Canal irrigated supplemented with tube-well supply. Lahore, Sheikhupura, Nankana Sahib and Kasur districts falls under this zone.

SARGODHA ZONE Adaptive Research Farm Sargodha is located between Latitude – 16 o N Longitude 32.5 – 1 o E. The Altitude is 187 m. The climate is semi-arid to arid. The mean annual rainfall is 300 to 500 mm in the east and 200 – 300 mm in the southwest. Mixed cropping zone. Wheat, Sugarcane, Rice, Cotton, Maize and Citrus (Fruits) are the main crops. Soil loam to sandy loam, saline in nature. Under ground water, generally not good. Sargodha, Khushab, Faisalabad, Jhang, Chiniot and T.T Singh districts falls under this zone.

VEHARI ZONE Adaptive Research Farm Vehari is located between Latitude o N & Longitude – 10 o E. The Altitude is 135 m. Hot Arid climate. The annual Rain fall is 125 – 275mm. Cotton zone. Cotton, wheat, citrus, Potato, Maize and mango (fruits) are the dominant crops. Soil, sandy loam, perennial canal supply supplemented with tube wells. Multan, Vehari, Lodhran, Khanewal, Sahiwal, Okara, Pakpattan and Bahawalnagar districts falls under this zone.

KAROR(LAYYAH) ZONE Adaptive Research Farm Karor (Layyah) is located between Latitude o N & Longitude o E. The Altitude is 143 m. Arid climate. The annual Rain Fall is mm Thal zone. Gram and guara are the major crops. Soil, deserts having the peculiar sandy soils. In plain valleys canal irrigation. Under ground water, fit for irrigation in pockets Layyah, Muzaffargarh, Bhakkar & Mianwali falls under this zone.

DERA GAZI KHAN ZONE Adaptive Research Farm Dera Ghazi Khan is located between Latitude o N & Longitude o E. The Altitude is 210 m. Hot arid climate. The annual Rain Fall is 80 – 100 mm. Cotton zone. Cotton, wheat, sugarcane and sorghum are the major crops. Soil heavy clay, sub-mountainous. Perennial and semi, perennial canal supply. Hill torrents. Under ground water mostly unfit. D.G Khan & Rajanpur districts fall under this zone.

RAHIM YAR KHAN ZONE Adaptive Research Farm Rahim Yar Khan is located between Latitude – o N & Longitude – o E. The Altitude is 81m. Hot Arid climate. The annual Rain Fall is mm. Cotton zone. Cotton, wheat, Mango and sugarcane are the major crops. Soil sandy loam having saline tracts. Perennial canal supply. Under ground water, mostly unfit. Bahawalpur & R.Y Khan districts falls under this zone.

PUNJAB AGRICULTURE S.No.Crop Cropped Area % Age S.No.Crop Cropped Area % Age PUNJAB TOTAL 41, Maize Wheat Bajra Cotton Jowar Fodder Potato Rice Rapeseed/ Mustard Gram Others Sugarcane Thousand Acres Cultivated Area= Million Acres Cropped Area= Million Acres PUNJAB AGRICULTURE

IN NATIONAL PRODUCTION PUNJAB’S SHARE IN NATIONAL PRODUCTION Crop Av Wheat Rice Cotton Sugarcane Maize Gram

AREA UNDER DIFFERENT CROPS

AREA OF CROPS IN DIFFERENT AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES

VULNERABILITY OF CLIMATE 1.RAINFALL 2.MINIMUM TEMPERATURE 3.MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE 4.RELATIVE HUMIDITY 5.PEST AND DISEASES 6.SOIL DEGRADATION 7.WATER AVAILABILITY

RAINFALL PATTERN IN DIFFERENT AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES

GUJRANWALAGUJRANWALA

R.Y. KHAN

VEHARIVEHARI

SHEIKHUPURASHEIKHUPURA

CHAKWALCHAKWAL

LAYYAHLAYYAH

D.G. KHAN

SARGODHASARGODHA

MINIMUM TEMPERATURE PATTERN IN DIFFERENT AGRO- ECOLOGICAL ZONES

GUJRANWALA

R.Y. KHAN

VEHARI

CHAKWAL

SHEIKHUPURA

LAYYAH

D.G. KHAN

SARGODHA

MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE PATTERN IN DIFFERENT AGRO- ECOLOGICAL ZONES

R.Y. KHAN

GUJRANWALAGUJRANWALA

VEHARI

SHEIKHUPURA

CHAKWAL

LAYYAH

D.G. KHAN

SARGODHA

HUMIDITITY PATTERN IN DIFFERENT AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES

GUJRANWALA

R.Y. KHAN

VEHARI

SHEIKHUPURA

CHAKWAL

LAYYAH

D.G. KHAN

SARGODHA

PESTS AND DISEASES

THRIPS INFESTATION TREND ON COTTON Note: Optimum temperature and humidity required for growth of thrips is >35C and <60%, respectively

COTTON MEALY BUG INFESTATION ON COTTON Note: Optimum temperature and humidity required for growth of cotton mealy bug is C and 60-65%, respectively

MITES INFESTATION TREND ON COTTON Note: Optimum temperature and humidity required for growth of mites is >35C and <50%, respectively

DUSKY COTTON BUG INFESTATION TREND ON COTTON Note: Optimum temperature and humidity required for growth of dusky cotton bug is C and 50-80%, respectively

COTTON LEAF CURL VIRUS TREND ON COTTON

NUTRIENT DEPLETION OVER PERIOD Soil K (ppm) 250 Soil Organic Matter (%) Soil P (ppm) 2204Y= x (OM) Y= x (K) Y= x (P) AARI REPORTS

WATER AVALIBILITY Share. Rabi MAF, Kharif MAF

(Million Ton) POPULATION OF PUNJAB (Million Ton) Courtesy. AARI Report

(Million Ton) WHEAT PROJECTIONS (Million Ton) AARI REPORTS

(Million Ton) RICE PROJECTIONS (Million Ton)

SUGARCANE PROJECTIONS (Million Ton)

COTTON PROJECTIONS (Million Ton)

WAY FORWARD 1.Development of Drought, Submergence, Salt, Temperature, resistance varieties/ crops for different climatic regions 1.Adaptive Research System shall be fortified to meet the new challenges 2.Education, Extension and Aggressive awareness about vulnerability of Climate Change for its preparedness 3.Use in ICT in Agriculture Extension in Punjab 4.Strengthening of Linkages with Pakmet and other institutes 5.Promotion of low delta water crops instead of high water delta crops.

WAY FORWARD 7.Adjustment in sowing time of crops i.e. recommended last date of sowing of wheat has been changed from 10 th November to 20 th November. 8.Promotion of Laser Land Leveling, Ridge/bed sowing of crops to overcome the problem of water scarcity and save the crops from high rains. 9.Contingency Plan for each Agro-Ecological zone has been prepared 10.Flood Management plan (Pre-flood, During Flood and after Flood circulated

THANKS

PRE-FLOOD Create awareness among the farming community through farmer trainings, print and electronic media; To secure seed, fertilizer, tools, implements and farm machinery ete. at safer places. 1.To make safety measures for tube well boring and engine. 2.To secure Bhoosa and dry fodders at safer places. 3.To secure vegetables, fodder and seed. 4.To motivate farmers from un-flood/safe area farmers to grow more fodders. 5.Agro-met reports and other alerts about rains for farmers. 6.To promote water loving crops in and around river beds and flood plains 7.Promotion of Sugarcane and Rice in riverside areas having maximum chances of flood water movement rather than Cotton. 8.Encourage the farmers to locate relatively safe places having less marching time to shift livestock there at once.

1.To survey and assess the damage of crops (area and production). 2.To coordinate with Livestock, Water Management and Fisheries 3.Departments in the assessment of damages and re-habilitation. 4.To assist in Seed and Fertilizer/Inputs distribution campaign. 5.To motivate the farming community to grow more fodder and early season Rabi crops as well as Vegetables/Kitchen Gardening 6.To provide pumps for drainage of water from sensitive crops like Mango and Cotton. 7.To educate the farmers for use of agronomic and plant protection measures for safety of their orchards and crops. AFTER FLOOD

8.For early recovery of flood inundated land, 13ulldozer operation is unavoidable. Uptill now, more than 1,15,000 hours of Bulldozer work has been carried out to rehabilitate the flood ruined land of last year floods. 9.The rehabilitation work is performed on the requests of Departments/Authorities stated above and after depletion of flood water on the requests of farmers under existing Hiring Policy Rules. 10.Due to soil deposition, the fields become un-leveled after flood. 11.Proper leveling may be done. Laser leveling is the best option. 12.Renovation of irrigation system and repair of watercourses/minors should be done at the earliest. 13.After drainage of flood water when fields attains desired moisture level (Watter) they should be cultivated and the possible crops like vegetables, pulses, fodders etc. should be sown.. AFTER FLOOD

14.Government should facilitate the provision of Seeds, Fertilizers and other necessary inputs for the rehabilitation of the farming system to offset the flood losses 15.Rehabilitation of road and paths may be done at top priority as they play key role in linking Farms with Markets. 16.Damaged crops may be incorporated in the soil to enhance the organic matter, which will improve the soil structure. 17.Excess water from the orchards may be drained as early as possible. 18.There should be enough food reserves in flood safe areas to cater the food of flood affected peoples. 19.Significant arrangements should be in place to ensure vaccination of farm animals. AFTER FLOOD