1 AMA Precision Aerobatics JUDGES TRAINING PRESENTATION Effective 2011 AMA Precision Aerobatics JUDGES TRAINING PRESENTATION Effective 2011

2 SCHEMATIC MANEUVER DIAGRAMS AMA MASTERS SCHEMATIC MANEUVER DIAGRAMS AMA MASTERS

– Takeoff (U) Downgrades:  Model jumps from the ground  Retouches the ground after becoming airborne  Steep climb angle  Gallops in elevation during climb  Wings not level at any time  Model does not accelerate smoothly  Model passes behind the judges line, scored zero (0) points  Aborted Takeoff, (0) points Reminders:  It is not necessary for the model to stand still on the ground with the engine running without being held before the takeoff begins.  It is also not necessary for the model to reach 2 meters in the same distance as the takeoff roll.  The takeoff should not be downgraded for wing dips caused by air turbulence unless the wings are not immediately leveled. The lift off should be within two (2) meters of center for maximum points. The maneuver is complete when the model is approximately two (2) meters (6-1/2 feet) off the ground..

– Figure M, 3/4 Point Roll Up, 1/4 Roll Down(U) Straight and level upright entry Downgrades:  Model does not execute prescribed pt. rolls or ½ outside loop, (0) points  Vertical tracks not vertical, 1/15 rule  Vertical lines not of equal length  Like Rolls not of equal length  Rolls not centered in vertical lines  Roll rates not the same  Under/over rotation of points, 1/15 rule  Stall turn pivot radius greater than 1/2 wingspan  Pendulum movement after stall  Bottom of outside ½ loop not at same altitude as entry and exit ¼ loops  Looping elements not of equal radius Reminders:  ½ loop is outside loop  Roll direction and stall turn direction are pilot’s choice 1/2 outside loop 3 of 4 up shown ¼ roll down NOT shown 1/4 loop Straight and level upright exit 1/4 loop

Humpty Bump with Options (2 options shown) Reminders:  Entry and exit altitudes may be different.  Plane may push OR pull over the top 5 Options:  1/4 roll up and down or 1/2 roll up  Push or pull over top If ¼ roll up then ¼ roll down 1/4 loop 1/2 loop 1/4 loop If ½ roll up, no roll down Downgrades:  Vertical tracks not vertical, 1/15 rule  Rolls (as specified) not centered in respective vertical lines  Over or under rotation of prescribed roll, 1/15 rule  Loop elements not round  Loop elements not of same radius  For optional 1/4 rolls, if 1/2 loop not 90 degrees to the flight-line, 1/15 rule OPTIONS: 1/4 rolls up and down 1/2 roll up, no roll down.

Three Rolls Opposite (D) Downgrades:  Changes in heading (track) during rolls, 1/15 rule (in or out)  Changes in altitude during rolls, 1/15 rule (up or down)  Roll rate not constant  Under or over rotation of prescribed roll elements, 1/15 rule, each infraction  Hesitation between rolls not brief or of equal length  If any roll not opposite the previous roll, (0) points !Center is inverted flight after 1-1/2 rolls Straight and level entry Straight and level exit

– Half Square Loop with Full Roll Up, Exit Inverted Downgrades:  Vertical track not vertical, 1/15 rule  Corner loop segments not round and of equal radius  Prescribed roll not on middle of vertical line  Over or under rotation of prescribed roll, 1/15 rule  Changes in heading (track) in loop segments or during prescribed roll, 1/15 rule  Roll rate not constant Straight and level entry 1/4 loop 1/4 loop Straight and level inverted exit

Reverse Cuban Eight from Top, 4/8 Point Roll First, 2/4 Point Roll Second, Exit Inverted (U) Downgrades:  ¾ Loop segments not round and of equal radius  Changes in heading (track) in loop segments or during prescribed roll, 1/15 rule  Roll elements not centered on 45 degree lines  Under or over rotation of roll elements, 1/15 rule  45-degree downlines not at 45 degrees, 1/15 rule  Exit altitude not the same as entry altitude Straight and level inverted entry 1/8 Loop on Entry 3/4 Loop Inverted Exit

/4 Point Roll, 1/2 Outside Loop, 1/2 Roll on Exit, Exit Upright Downgrades:  Changes in heading (track) during prescribed ½ loop or during prescribed rolls, 1/15 rule  Over or under rotation of prescribed rolls, 1/15 rule  Roll rate of rolling elements not constant  One half loop not of constant radius  Prescribed ½ loop not executed immediately after prescribed roll  Second prescribed roll not executed immediately after ½ loop 9 Straight and level exit 1/2 outside loop Straight and level inverted entry

Square Loop on Corner with 1/2 Rolls on Each 45 Degree Line (D) Downgrades:  All sides not at 45 degrees to horizon and 90 degrees to each other, 1/15 rule each infraction  Sides of square not same size  Loop segments not round and of equal radius  Wings not level in looping and straight line segments  Roll direction optional Straight and level exit 1/8 loops – entry and exit 1/4 loop 1/4 loop 1/4 loop Straight and level entry Downgrades:  Changes in heading (track) in loop segments or during prescribed rolls, 1/15 rule  Prescribed rolls not centered on line segments  Over or under rotation of prescribed rolls, 1/15 rule  Roll rate not constant 45 0 track

Half Triangle Loop with 4 Point Roll on 45 Degree Upline, Exit Inverted Downgrades:  Climbing track not at 45 degrees to horizon, 1/15 rule  Changes in heading (track) during prescribed looping elements or during prescribed roll, 1/15 rule  Over-under rotation of each point, 1/15 rule each infraction  Model does not hesitate after every ¼ roll  Roll rate not constant  Loop segments not round and of equal radius Straight and level inverted exit 3/8 inside loop 1/8 Loop Straight and level upright entry 45 0 track

– 45 Degree Downline, 1 Negative Snap Roll, Exit Inverted (U) Straight and level inverted entry Straight and level inverted exit 45 0 track 1/8 loop 1/8 loop Downgrades:  Loop segments not round and of equal radius  Diving track (down line) not 45 degrees, 1/15 rule  Prescribed Snap Roll not centered on 45 degree line  Changes in heading (track) during loop elements, down line, 1/15 rule  Large pitch/yaw displacement at initiation of snap (small, rapid pitch required)  Over or under rotation of the snap roll, 1/15 rule  Snap not a negative snap scores zero (0)

13 Downgrades:  Vertical track not vertical, 1/15 rule  Return path not parallel to entry path  Pivot radius greater than 1/2 wingspan  Pendulum movement after stall  Roll rates not equal  Rolling elements not centered in their respective lines  Loop segments not round or with equal radius Stall Turn, 2/4 Point Roll Up, 1/2 Roll Down, Exit Inverted 1/4 loop Straight and level inverted entry and exit 2 of 4 pt roll up shown 1/2 roll down not shown Reminders:  Rolls are centered on their lines, not on each other  Entry and exit altitudes may be different.

– 4/8 Point Roll, Slow Roll Reversed (D) Downgrades:  Over or under rotation of prescribed rolls, 1/15 rule  Model does not hesitate after each one-eighth roll  Roll rate not constant within each roll type  Changes in altitude, 1/15 rule  Changes in heading, 1/15 rule  Hesitation between 4/8 and slow rolls not brief  Slow roll not approximately 2½ -3 seconds Straight and level inverted entry Reminders:  Center is determined by the midpoint between the start of the four-of-eight point (4/8-pt) roll and finish of the slow roll.  Roll rates for the four-of-eight point (4/8-pt) roll and slow roll do not have to be the same Straight and level exit

Humpty Bump (pull, pull, pull), 3/4 Point Roll Up, 1/4 Roll Down Downgrades:  Vertical track not vertical, 1/15 rule  Loop segments not round and of equal radius  Changes in heading during loop segments or rolls, 1/15 rule  Prescribed rolls not centered in each vertical up and down line  Over or under rotation of prescribed rolls, 1/15 rule  One half inside loop not 90 degrees to the flight line, 1/15 rule  Entry and exit headings not parallel  One half inside loop not an inside loop, score is “0” Reminders:  Entry and exit altitudes may be different  Rolls are centered on respective lines; may be at different altitudes  Positioning maneuver; may go either in or out. 1/4 loop Straight and level upright exit Straight and level upright entry 3 of 4 roll up shown ¼ roll down NOT shown

Downgrades:  One half loops not of equal radius  One half loops not completed exactly above or below point of entry  Rolls initiated before completion of one half loops  Roll rates not constant  Changes in heading during one half loop, rolls, or lines, 1/15 rule  Entry and exit not at same altitude  Under or over rotation of prescribed roll elements, 1/15 rule – Double Immelmann, 1/2 Roll First, Full Roll Second, Exit Inverted (U) Straight and level inverted exit 1/2 loop Straight and level upright entry Reminders:  Enter and exit at same altitude.  The horizontal legs, including the roll, are equal to the diameter of the half loops. Same as loop diameter loop diameter

Degree Upline, 2/4 Point Roll, 1/2 Loop (Inside or Outside), 1/2 Roll Down Downgrades:  Loop segments not round with the same radius  Climbing and diving tracks not at 45 degrees to horizon, 1/15 rule  Changes in heading (track) in loop segments or after prescribed roll, 1/15 rule  Prescribed rolls not centered in respective 45 degree lines  Roll rate not constant  Over or under rotation of prescribed rolls,1/15 rule Reminders:  Entry and exit altitudes may be different  Rolls are centered on respective lines; rolls may be at different altitudes. Straight and level inverted entry Straight and level upright exit 1/8 loop 1/2 loop  1/2 Loop at top may be inside or outside; outside shown.

– Triangle Loop, 1/2 Rolls on 45 Degree Lines, 1-1/2 Positive Snap on Top, Exit Inverted(D) 18 Straight and level entry Straight and level inverted exit 3/8 Loop 1/4 Loop 45 0 track Downgrades:  Climbing and diving tracks not at 45 degrees to horizon, 1/15 rule  Horizontal track changes in altitude or heading, 1/15 rule  Loop segments not round and of equal radius  Large pitch/yaw displacement at initiation of snap (small, rapid pitch required) Downgrades:  Snap not a positive snap scores zero (0)  Changes in heading (track) in loop segments or during prescribed rolls, 1/15 rule  Prescribed rolls not centered on line segments  Over or under rotation of prescribed rolls, 1/15 rule  Roll rate of ½ rolls not constant

19 Downgrades:  Entry and exit loop elements not of equal radius  Vertical track not vertical, 1/15 rule (0 points)  Model does not execute 2 point roll. (0 points)  Over or under rotation of prescribed roll, 1/15 rule  Point roll not on middle of vertical line  Changes in track in loop segments or during roll, 1/15 rule  Roll rate not constant Half square loop, 2/2 pt roll up, exit upright 1/4 loop 1/4 loop Straight and level inverted entry Straight and level upright exit

Turn Spin (U) Downgrades:  Wing passes through vertical plane before nose passes through horizontal plane (snap roll entry) – 0 pts  Model climbs or dives during entry or exit, 1/15 rule  Wings not perpendicular to flightline at end of required number of turns, 1/15 rule  Spiral dive or pure rotation around roll axis of more than one-half (1/2) turn - 0 pts  Tail of model does not inscribe a cone during rotation - 0 pts  Fuselage reaches a vertical attitude before rotation begins (simulation of stall by application of elevator) - 0 pts  The stop of rotation is judged according to the 1/15 rule; an error of more than 150 degrees - 0 pts.  Changes in heading before spin entry must be downgraded 1/15 rule !Model shall establish a wind corrected heading (crab angle) such that model track is maintained parallel to the flight line. That heading (crab angle) should be maintained to the spin entry. As the model slows, track drift from the flight path parallel with the flight line should not be downgraded since it is in a near-stalled condition. Changes in heading (Crab angle) before spin entry should be downgraded using the 1 point per 15 degree rule.  The attitude of the model during the spin is not a judging criterion as long as the model is stalled.  Once the model has entered the spin, drift caused by the wind is not a judging criterion. Straight and level exit

21 Landing area: the entire defined runway – Landing (U) The landing will not be downgraded if:  The model rolls to a controlled stop within 10 meters.  Wing dips which are caused by air turbulence unless they are not immediately corrected.  The pilot “slips to a landing” to handle a crosswind condition in which case a wing will be low  Displacement of the touchdown point left or right as long as the landing is in the landing zone Landing begins when the model is approximately two (2) meters (6-1/2 feet) off the ground. Downgrades:  Model passes behind the judges line, zero (0) points.  Model impacts the runway due to lack of flare.  Model bounces.  Changes in track, 1/15 rule  Model ends on its back, zero (0) points.  Model lands outside landing zone (but still on runway or landing area).  If any undercarriage retracts or collapses before the landing is complete, zero (0) points.  Model “porpoises” and/or wanders during approach or flare.  Model lands outside the landing area or runway, zero (0) points.  Model touches down while not straight to runway and ground track, 1/15 rule !Landing zone is 30 m long and normally the width of the runway BUT not more than 30 M wide. Landing zone (white) and Landing area (green) shown below. Runway up to 30 m wide 30 m long Landing zone dimensions