© West Educational Publishing T he brain is remarkable in what it can do. This lecture will show that the brain plays an important part in everything we think and do. Brain, Body and Behavior C HAPTER 3 EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Cerebral Cortex The cerebral cortex is the outermost layer of the brain and controls very high level thought processes. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Front Right Rear Left The Corpus Callosum is a thin band of tissues inside the fissure. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Tasks of the Cerebral Hemispheres The brain is divided into halves. Each half, or hemisphere, controls the opposite side of the body. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Click on the arrows for more information. Cerebral cortex Hypothalamus Thalamus Cerebellum Corpus callosum Pituitary Reticular activating system Hippocampus Amygdala EXIT

© West Educational Publishing The cerebral cortex covers, protects, and influences the lower brain structures. The Lower Brain Cerebral cortex Hypothalamus Cerebral cortex Thalamus Cerebellum Click for more information. Corpus callosum Pituitary Reticular activating system Hippocampus Thalamus Cerebellum Hypothalamus Amygdala EXIT

© West Educational Publishing The Lower Brain The thalamus acts as a relay station to send incoming and outgoing messages to appropriate areas in the brain. Thalamus Hypothalamus Cerebral cortex Thalamus Cerebellum Click for more information. Corpus callosum Pituitary Reticular activating system Hippocampus Cerebellum Hypothalamus Amygdala Cerebral cortex EXIT

© West Educational Publishing The Lower Brain The hypothalamus controls hunger, pleasure, thirst, rage, and sexual desire. Hypothalamus Cerebral cortex Thalamus Cerebellum Click for more information. Corpus callosum Pituitary Reticular activating system Hippocampus Cerebellum Thalamus Amygdala Cerebral cortex EXIT

© West Educational Publishing The Lower Brain The cerebellum helps you to stand upright and keeps your movements coordinated. Cerebellum Hypothalamus Cerebral cortex Thalamus Cerebellum Click for more information. Corpus callosum Pituitary Reticular activating system Hippocampus Hypothalamus Thalamus Amygdala Cerebral cortex EXIT

© West Educational Publishing The Limbic System is involved with basic emotions and memory. Two important structures include the amygdala (emotional responses and aggression) the hippocampus (the formation of new memories) The Reticular Activating System keeps track of nerve impulse activity and helps regulate how alert or sleepy we feel. Other Lower Brain Structures EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Brain Communication A NEURON is a nerve cell. It is the smallest part of the nervous system. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Brain Communication Dendrites branch off the body of the neuron and receive impulses from other neurons. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Brain Communication Axons gather impulses from dendrites and carry them to other neurons. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing The synapse is the space between the axon of the sending neuron and the dendrites of the receiving neuron. Brain Communication EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Neurotransmitters are messenger molecules (pain, pleasure, movement) EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Dopamine involved in movement a shortage can cause Parkinson’s disease Endorphins relieve pain and increase the sense of well-being (“natural morphine”) Acetylcholine sends information to other nerve cells when some part of the body moves can affect memory production of this neurotransmitter can be shut down by food poisoning EXIT

© West Educational Publishing The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems EXIT

© West Educational Publishing The Nervous System EXIT

© West Educational Publishing The Endocrine System Click on the arrows for more information. Pituitary gland Thyroid Adrenal gland Female gonads (ovaries) Male gonads (testes) EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Pituitary Gland the master gland controlled by the hypothalamus sends a message to other glands to begin working determines how tall or short a person will be The Endocrine System Pituitary gland Gonads Thyroid Adrenal gland Click for more information. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing The Gonads sex glands that produce either sperm or eggs used in reproduction The Endocrine System Female gonads (ovaries) Male gonads (testes) Pituitary gland Gonads Thyroid Adrenal gland Click for more information. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing The Endocrine System The Thyroid Gland controls metabolism overactive thyroid may cause restlessness and anxiety underactive thyroid may result in sadness and even depression Thyroid Pituitary gland Gonads Thyroid Adrenal gland Click for more information. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing The Endocrine System The Adrenal Gland secretes adrenaline into the bloodstream blood pressure goes up, muscles tense, and hands tremble Adrenal gland Pituitary gland Gonads Thyroid Adrenal gland Click for more information. EXIT

© West Educational Publishing Summary of Main Topics Covered Parts of the Brain The Lower Brain Brain Communication Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems The Endocrine System EXIT