REDD+ in Sudan Sayeda Khalil & Mey Ahmed May 2011

Introduction The Forests National Corporation (FNC), in its capacity to implement and coordinate all forestry and REDD+ issues and agreements to which Sudan is a party and as a member of Designated National Authority for the Kyoto Protocol, UN-REDD partner and also Sudan, formally requested to join the World Bank’s initiative of Forest Carbon Partnership Facility and benefit from the REDD readiness phase and hence, contribute to the global effort to mitigate the adverse climate change impacts.

REDD+ activities in Sudan Forests National Corporation established a national REDD+ unit to develop the framework for a REDD+ strategic plan. Such work was done in collaboration with the United Nation Development Programme (UNDP) and Higher Council for Environment and Natural Resources (HCENR). The inception workshop of REDD+ was in August 2010, and targeted TOT from different States to develop the capacities of indigenous people and related institutions. The first workshop targeted 10 foresters, 15 indigenous people and 5 from other related institutions from various States.

Activities…. The first REDD+ capacity building inception workshop was followed by the following activities; Quick assessment of the forest resources including the review and overview of forest inventory. Forest classification according to the benefits and co-benefits of REDD+

Activities…. The forest classifications have been addressed to identify forest classes according to the function, ecological zone, and ownership, including the involvement forest communities, indigenous people and other forest dependants. Awareness-raising for officers, which includes the TOT from indigenous people, communities, and others dependant on forests addressed the processes of involvement of different stakeholders in REDD+ planning, review of policy and implementation of REDD+ activities. Assessment of some plantations and activities around community forests Group meetings, discussion presentations regarding the role and importance of REDD+ activities in relation to the national developmental processes.

Activities…. A five groups consulted in last March 2011 to assess the degradation and deforestation rate and data related to indigenous people and others dependant on forests in Sudan. These data presented in a workshop conducted in April These data sets used as the basis of guidelines for 5 years strategic plan and framework for REDD+ in Sudan. The forest policy regarding the engagement of stockholders, national local governance and civil societies in planning, implementation and management of REDD+ forests to set out REDD+ policy was done.

Forest Policy 2006  The new forest policy document was formulated in a participatory manner where an initial investigation of stakeholders’ demands, issues and concerns was made (700 respondents in 27 categories). A Task Force characterized by wide representation was convened and working groups with varying experiences were involved in the formulation process.  Main policy issues are derived from the stakeholders’ consultation process.  Therefore, it is not based only on regulations but driven by society’s and people’s needs.

Status of Sudan forest  Forest cover before separation of south: 29.6%  Deforestation rate: 0.7%  After separation 11.6% (Northern Sudan)  Annual deforestation rate: 2.2%

On going activities Assessment of capacity-building needs of governmental organizations and preparation of training plan to strengthen their capacities; Consultation for local communities, indigenous people and civil society in readiness and REDD+ strategic plan; Identification and applying of REDD+ guidelines; Conduct FPIC in 15 States for REDD+ intervention;

Cont…… Construction of Sudan REDD+ information system (website, existing forestry extension system) to ensure transparency and flow of information. Draft of guideline for 5-year strategic plan for REDD+ in Sudan

Seeking to Supports Estimating the opportunity costs for REDD+ Support to Effective and Inclusive National Governance Systems for REDD+ Development of national REDD+ strategy plan Development; support and advices on MRV system.

e.g., deformation

Desertification (sand movement )

Role of forests (woody and non-woody products)

Community participation in desertification control afforestation program

REDD+ Capacity-Building workshop

Human Activity, Climate Change, Environmental Degradation and Conflict : Thinking out of the boxes Mey Ahmed (PhD) Climate change and Peace Building Focal Point Sudanese Environmental Conservation Society (SECS)

What is the Conflict? Negative conflict derives from incompatible interactions: at personal, community, national and international levels ( negotiation and mediators ) Human activities (social, political, economic) interact with the natural resources. ( CC as outcomes of negative interactions ) Conflict exists everywhere and at all times. It is part of all human development and ways of life.

Ecosystem and human well-being: Three interlinked challenges Food Production Ecosystem degradation Climate change Ecosystem & human health Adaptation Mitigation REDD?

Compitable relation between the pastoralist groups (Arab and Falata ) Arabs Falata

New options: pastoralists, farmers and local people Climate change, REDD and Livelihoods 1. Adaptation is about changing livelihoods—over 80% of Sudanese are directly dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods. 2. Adaptation is about creating conditions to support these changes in livelihoods (governance, policies, cooperation, improved access to natural resources etc).

Multi-Purpose Trees/Shrubs on Farmland

SUCCESSFUL USE OF AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS and COMMUNITY FORESTRY IN SUDAN Magwi –MASRA project

Cooperation Coordination Awareness raising Capacity building Networking & advocacy New sustainable solutions Research Funding and finance 1. Decision- makers 2. NGOs & CBOs 3. Grass roots/ local communities UN agencies and donors Vulnerability to climate change and conflict: Dealing with incompatibility Multi- track cooperation