PhD proposal: Potential of urban forests to provide fuelwood for residents in african cities Florian Renner (Dipl. Ing. forestry sciences) Supervisor: Stephan Pauleit Technische Universität München

Content 1.CLUVA context 2.Ecosystem services of urban forests 3.Research background 4.Main objectives 5.Research questions 6.Specific objectives 7.Study area(s) 8.Task flow 9.Status quo 10.References Technische Universität München 2

CLUVA context WP 2: Vulnerability and Risk assessment 4 Tasks: 2.1 Vulnerability of urban structures and lifelines 2.2 Vulnerability and adaptation potential associated with urban ecosystems 2.3 Assessing social vulnerability 2.4 Multi-risk models Technische Universität München 3

Task 2.2: overview The specific objectives of this Task are:  to analyse, quantify and map important ecosystem services of the urban green structure that increase the resilience of African cities to climate change;  to assess the impacts of climate change on urban green structure & its ecosystem services; and  to evaluate the prospects for urban green structure as a measure for adapting African cities to climate change. Technische Universität München 4

Ecosystem services of urban forests Ecosystem services delivered by urban forests (adapted from TEEB Manual for Cities 2011) 1.Provisoning services: food, raw materials (i.e. wood, biofuels, NTFPs), water, medicinal resources 2.Regulating services: local climate and air quality regulation, carbon sequestration and storage, moderation of extreme events, waste-water treatment, erosion prevention 3.Habitat or supporting services: habitats for species, maintenance of geneti diversity 4.Cultural services: recreation and mental and physical health…. Technische Universität München 5

Research background  Importance of wood as source of energy: –about 90% of harvested wood in Africa is used as fuelwood (world about 47%; FRA 2010) –more than 90% of household‘s energy demand supplied by biomass (GTZ 2009) –collection of fuelwood is often time- and cost intense –commercial harvesting of wood often not sustainable –purchase of energy efficient cooking appliances mostly too expensive for the poor population (Edwards and Langpap 2005)  urban utilization of fuelwood rarely examined in Africa, yet (Gebreegziabher 2011)  increasing demand for wood through population growth (4-5% p.a.; UN- HABITAT 2005)  impacts of climate change on forests in urban areas? Technische Universität München 6

Main Objectives  Contribute to availability and accessability of base data and literature for ecological questions in urban areas of Africa  To highlight the value and importance of ecosystem services in urban areas  To enhance the resilience of urban green infrastructure in Africa Technische Universität München 7

Research questions  What are urban forests in Africa?  How important is urban forestry and its provisioning service „wood“ for the residents?  What risks are resulting for urban forestry from urban growth?  What is the impact of climate change on the urban forest stand growth?  How and where could the resilience of urban forestry be enhanced? Technische Universität München 8

Specific objectives  To estimate the urban forest cover in different case study cities (for now Dar es Salaam)  To utilize UMTs and land cover analysis to characterize urban forests  To develop a method to derive urban wood supply from forest cover (lc-analysis, FAO approach)  To calculate the urban fuelwood demand and estimate the contribution of urban forests to urban fuelwood supply  To calculate urban forest growth based on previous volume estimations  To identify the impacts of climate change and urbanization on forest growth as risk and vulnerability factors  To identify potential forest regrowth areas Technische Universität München 9

Study area(s)  For now Dar es Salaam  Further case study cities appreciated (depends on data availability, i.e. aerial images, UMT maps and social data) Technische Universität München Maps of Tanzania, Ethiopia (wikipedia.org, 04/2012) Dar es Salaam ! Addis Abeba? Ouaga? Douala? St. Louis? 10

tasksOutputs 1. Characterization of urban forestry in Africa (based on UMTs and surface cover analysis) 2. Quantification of provisioning services of urban forestry for timber growing stock (FAO approach) 3a. Analysis of fuelwood demand (social-empiric investigation) 3b. Growing anthropoghenic fuelwood requirements (due to increase in population) 4. Impact of climate change on stand growth (literature review) Classified and characterized urban forestry types Urban timber potential Factors of vulnerability to urban forestry Main goal: Resilient urban forestry Task flow Technische Universität München 11

Status quo  methodology to estimate standing timber volume elaborated  Contribution to UMT mapping of Dar es Salaam  First analyses of surface cover in different UMTs in Dar Next steps: 1.To finalyse surface/tree cover assessment in Dar 2.To apply timber volume estimation method 3.To validate results in Dar Technische Universität München 12

References  Edwards, J.H.Y., and C. Langpap (2005): Startup Costs and the Decision to Switch from Firewood to Gas Fuel. Land Economics 81(4):  FAO (2010): Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 – Main Report  Gebreegziabher, Z., et al. (2011): Urban energy transition and technology adoption: The case of Tigrai, northern Ethiopia, Energy Econ. (2011), doi: /j.eneco  GTZ (2009): Renewable Energies in East Africa Regional Report on Potentials and Marktes – 5 Country Analyses; Energy-policy Framework Papers, Section »Energy and Transport«  TEEB – The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (2011): TEEB Manual for Cities: Ecosystem Services in Urban Management.  UN-HABITAT (2005): Urbanization Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa; United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT): Nairobi, Kenya Technische Universität München 13