Morgan Fagan

Agriculture Industrialized Uses machines Chemical Fertilizers Chemical Pesticides Focus on maximum yield Use of GMOs engineering-definition-benefits-issues.html#lesson engineering-definition-benefits-issues.html#lesson Monoculture Plantations

Agriculture Sustenance Increased biodiversity No pesticides No chemical additives Natural fertilizers Integrated Pest Management Beneficial insects Mums Crop Rotation

Agriculture Types Alley cropping Agroforestry Organic Farming

Agriculture 19.5% of U.S land is used for Agriculture 442 million acres Green Revolution revolution-definition-benefits-and-issues.html#lesson revolution-definition-benefits-and-issues.html#lesson

Forestry Ecological Services Providing wildlife habitats Carbon sinks Affecting local climate patterns Purifying air and water Reducing soil erosion as they serve as a watershed, absorbing and releasing controlled amounts of water Providing energy and nutrient cycling

Forestry Types Old growth forest Plantations Human impact Converting forests for commercial use Habitat fragmentation

Forestry Harvesting Trees Clear cutting Shelterwood Even aged cutting Uneven aged cutting Selective cutting

Forestry Forests cover about 1/3 of all land surface world wide 80% of all forest are closed canopies 20% are open canopy 70% of forests are located in North America, the Russian Federation, and South America The U.S is the largest area of timbering (employs 150,000 people and represents a $7 billion per year industry!) Teddy Roosevelt established the forest services in 1905

Rangeland

Urban Sprawl The movement of people from rural areas to urban areas Reasons for Urbanization Access to jobs Higher standards of living Easier access to health care Mechanization of agriculture Access to education

Urban Sprawl Pros Uses less land Better sanitation systems High tax revenues Decrease reliance on fossil fuels

Urban Sprawl Cons Concentrated source of pollutants More waste Increased crime rates Higher strain on social services

Impacts on Soil Erosion Increased erosion leads to loss of top soil, nutrients, and heavy, toxic elements Prevented in farming by no till or low till Covered soil does not erode as quickly Sediment pollution

Impacts on Soil Tree Removal Increases runoff Decreases ground water Increases erosion

Impacts on Soil Urbanized land Loss of habitats Decreased amount of ground water Thermal pollution Chemicals from transportation

Impacts on Soil Desertification Due to overgrazing and over farming usable, fertile land it converted into dry, barren soil

Superfund Sites Sites that contain uncontrolled and/or abandoned land where hazardous waste is located State and Local governments are left to clean up the mess