Heidi (Canadian Sheild, St Heidi (Canadian Sheild, St. Lawrence Lowlands) Sarah (Arctic, Interior Plains) Nicole (Cordillera, Apalachian)

The Canadian Shield

Topography Mainly flat Rounded hills of rock Many rivers, swamps and lakes, large or small  Some of the oldest rocks in the world Home to many minerals and metals Home to some of the oldest volcanoes in the world The soil is very thin

Climate In the southern part, there are very cold snowy winters, while the summers are warm and long. The southern part of the Canadian Shield gets lots of rain and snow each year. The Northern part gets very little rain and snow each year.  Since the Canadian Shield is so big the temperature changes a lot. In the southern parts of the Canadian Shield such as Ontario the climate stays about the same all year long. The average temperature in the winter is -18*C. In the summer the temperature is 25*C degrees. 

Natural Resources The northern section of the Canadian Shield is very rocky meaning there is very little or no farmland due to this poor soil. Most people work in forestry industries. Most of the cities and towns in the Canadian Shield are close to mines and paper mills. Other people work in power stations as the Canadian Shield has many rivers that serve as dams for hydro electricity. Northern Ontario is rich in minerals such as copper, zinc, iron, gold, silver, uranium, diamonds and lead. It also has large nickel mines found in Sudbury, Ontario.

Location Largest region Centred on the Hudson Bay the Shield stretches from Labrador through to northern Quebec, Ontario, eastern and northern Manitoba, northern Saskatchewan and the very northeast corner of Alberta.

Population Only a few people live in the northern part Most people live in the southern part The total population is around 7 million

Formation Process Formed when 2 tectonics plates collided When they collided, folding occurred. The plate that was forced down, melted and rose back to the surface to cool down over time. These rocks (that were cooled down) eventually came to be known as the Canadian Shield

St. Lawrence Lowlands

Topography Mixture of many hills, slopes, valleys and flat plains Deep river valleys The water flows smooth and gently through the river valleys Holds 18% of the worlds fresh water The soil is very rich with minerals

Climate Humid, continental climate, meaning that it is a dry climate with very cold winters and very hot summers. During the summer, the Great Lakes tend to lower the temperature. The Great Lakes also raise the temperature in the surrounding areas in winter by storing heat. 

Natural Resources Has rich, fertile soil for agriculture which makes it the second largest farming area in Canada. There are many resources in this region, such as zinc, lead, cattle and grain. Clay can be found which can then assist in brick and tile manufacturing. Though all these natural resources, their number one resource is water. 

Location Southern Quebec Southern Ontario

Population Smallest land region yet it contains about one half of the Canadian population Approximately 14 million people

Formation Process It was created by glaciation The glaciers carried huge amounts of sand, soil, and gravel from the Canadian Shield and scattered them throughout the region

Arctic

Topography/population Made from the rocks being pushed at • the Canadian Shield • Ice bergs • Glaciers • Rugged ground • About 4 million people

Industries About 150 people work for oil companies • About 650 people are in mining Mining Agriculture Fishing

Formation Process pressure at the Canadian Shield • pushed sedimentary rocks up • formed fold mountains • fold mountains • called Innuitaian Mountains • go across more than 1000 km of the northern islands in the Arctic

Location Just above the Canadian Shield

Interior Plains

Topography/Population 19% of Canada's population • Flat • Hills • Cliffs

Industries Mining • Agriculture • 1300 mining jobs

Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba Location

Cordillera

Topography Mountain ranges, basins Many lakes , forest, oceans separated into three different sections filled with plateaus and valleys Sections include, the Rockies, the interior plateaus , and the Columbia mountain Beautiful wildlife, many trees, and crystal water

Location Located in bc and the Yukon, western side of Alberta and northwest territories

Formation of the Cordillera These mountains are separated by the Ricky mountains trench which was formed by erosion and zone faults The two mountains were formed by plate collision which is the earths crust buckling pushing and folding volcanic rock into mountains The way the plates move are called plate tectonics and they can also form plateaus, valleys, and trenches

  Natural Resources Fresh water and fish are a natural resource that can come from the ocean as well as lakes with clean water. The west coast is famous for salmon Forestry is the biggest industry in thus region because the mountains and interior plateaus are very forested and plentiful Mining is another good resource, since the mountains have iron, silver, copper , and other minerals within them The cordillera has the second biggest natural gas industry , right behind Alberta

Climate: Summer it can be dry and cool Winter mostly wet and cool Warmer in the south than the north

Population Lightly populated Lightly populated because the mountains are running in north south direction making it hard for vehicles Many people live in farming and mining towns There are more than 1,360,000 people living there

Formation Process Form by fragments of other places Made up of two mountains ranges; Rockies and Columbia mountains Rocky mountains: folding send faulting and Columbia erosion along w zone of faults

Appalachian

Location Eastern north America

Formation Process Different types of mountain ranges Range is old Formed in the Paleozoic era

Population 23-24 million people

Climate: Very long and cold winters Short and cool summers

Natural resources: Appalachian region is an extension of the Appalachian mountains that were formed roughly 480 million years ago. Structure of the region is made up of rolling hills, valleys, and small mountains Mountains were run down by glaciers, water, snow, and different temperatures. Natural resources in this region are these metals: zinc, copper , lead , gold and minerals like potash and salt Other resources include: fishing cod , salmon, Pollock, halibut, redfish, swordfish The region is also rich in forestry. These resources created mining, fishing, and forestry communities

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