Chris Densham RAL High Power Targets Group To be a ‘one-stop shop’ (P. Hurh) for target technology Enable optimum physics performance via sound engineering ‘Mission ’ Chris Densham, Otto Caretta, Tristan Davenne, Mike Fitton, Peter Loveridge, Dan Wilcox + Joe O’Dell (PEG)

Chris Densham Specific technical expertise Mechanical & thermal engineering –From conceptual & detailed design through to manufacture, installation & commissioning FLUKA (MonteCarlo code) –energy deposited in target components by the beam –optimisation of useful particle yield CFX (fluid dynamics code) –Cooling circuit design –conjugate heat transfer analysis ANSYS “classic” (Implicit FEA) –magnetic, thermal, mechanical analyses –multiphysics simulations AUTODYN (Explicit FEA) –dynamic simulations –Transient & dynamic analysis Multi-code integration Specialist joining technology Fluidised powder technology

Multi-code integration for physics & engineering analysis Analysis procedure for LBNE target/horn

Chris Densham MatLab Interface Developed In-House FLUKA post-processing GUI developed in- house –Reads the FLUKA output file –Writes out the energy deposition data in a suitable format for CFX, ANSYS, AUTODYN Semi-automated process permits multiple case runs CFX: fluid dynamics code for conjugate heat transfer ANSYS: multi-physics simulation AUTODYN: dynamic simulation FLUKA: energy deposition MatLAB: semi-automated interface

T2K Secondary Beam-line 2nd horn 3rd horn BEAM Iron shield (2.2m) Concrete Blocks Helium Vessel Target station Beam window Hadron absorber

T2K Secondary Beam-line Baffle 1st horn Target 2nd horn 3rd horn BEAM Iron shield (2.2m) Concrete Blocks Helium Vessel Target station Beam window Hadron absorber

Chris Densham T2K Target Helium cooled graphite rod Design beam power: 750 kW Beam power so far: 230 kW 1 st target still running after ~4 years π π p Acoustic stress waves in target after off-centre beam spill

Chris Densham T2K Target Helium cooled graphite rod Design beam power: 750 kW Beam power so far: 230 kW 1 st target still running after ~4 years π π Prototype graphite to titanium bonding p

Chris Densham T2K Target Helium cooled graphite rod Design beam power: 750 kW Beam power so far: 230 kW 1 st target still running after ~4 years π π Helium flow lines 400 m/s Mike Fitton p

Chris Densham Inserting target into magnetic horn T2K Target Helium cooled graphite rod Design beam power: 750 kW Beam power so far: 230 kW 1 st target still running after ~4 years π π Helium flow lines 400 m/s Prototype graphite to titanium bonding p

Exploring limits of static, solid targets Design studies for Fermilab (LBNE) & EUROnu collaboration 4 MW Neutrino Superbeam study (EUROnu) Packed Bed Target Solution Velocity vectors showing inlet and outlet channels and entry and exit from packed bed 100 m/s Tristan Davenne

Chris Densham Multi-MW target solution: fluidised tungsten powder research Suction / Lift 2. Load Hopper 3. Pressurise Hopper 4. Powder Ejection and Observation Open jet: Contained discontinuous dense phase: Contained continuous dense phase: Otto Caretta + Peter Loveridge

ISIS Capabilities David Jenkins ISIS Target Design Group Leader 3 rd April 2013

Knowledge and expertise in our people ISIS Target Design Group – Group of 10 mechanical engineers who: – Support the work of the ISIS Target Operations Group – Design and develop new systems and equipment for ISIS target operations.

Target station operation experience

ISIS First Target Station In operation for 27 years Current target – 12 tungsten plates clad in tantalum Typically 180  A of 800MeV protons Maximum power density ~1000MW/m 3 Peak energy per pulse ~25MJ/m 3 /pulse

View of the ISIS TS1 TargetReflectorAndM oderators.

ISIS Intermediate Target Station Muon production target in operation since early 1990s o 800MeV protons interact with 10mm thick graphite blade o Graphite blade set at 45 o angle to beam o Target cooled by water o Target cassette holds three individual graphite targets

ISIS Second Target Station In operation for 4 years Target - tungsten cylinder clad in tantalum Typically 45  A of 800MeV protons Maximum power density ~1000MW/m 3 Peak energy per pulse ~100MJ/m 3 /pulse.

View of the ISIS TS2 TargetReflectorAndM oderators with the edge cooled beryllium reflector partially open to reveal the target and cryogenic moderators.

The ISIS TS2 TRAM with the reflector open in maintenance mode and the target and cryogenic moderators revealed.

Spallation Neutron Source facilities design and build experience

Target Stations

Design, build and operation of ‘Hot Cells’ Remote Handling cells and lead glass shielding windows

Target Manufacturing and Assembly – Precision machining – Machining Tungsten and Tantalum EDM 5 axis CNC – EB welding of Tantalum cladding and bulk tantalum – Hot Isostatic Pressing of Tantalum cladding – Target assembly

ISIS TS1 target under construction

Engineering analysis – Proton beam target interaction modelling – Thermo-mechanical stress/strain - FEA – Cooling water flow analysis – CFD – Heat transfer – CHF - BO

Investigation of strain/stress state of target cladding using neutron diffraction – ISIS director approval for access to Engin-X instrument.

ISIS First Target Station upgrade plans Currently in a definition (feasibility) phase reviewing the options for an upgrade which might include: o An improvement in efficiency o An improvement in reliability o An improvement in specific output o Or a combination of all three. The existing target station infrastructure will have a strong influence on any upgrade path.

ISIS Second Target Station upgrade plans Currently in the middle of the phase II instruments project: o Adding a further 4 instruments to the current suite of 7 o An improvement in flexibility of the beryllium reflector o To accommodate potential future changes to the moderators o Potential changes to the instrument suite. Again, existing target station infrastructure will have a strong influence on any upgrade path.