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3 Giving Birth: Newly Born: Young Male: Young Female: Calving Calf Bull Heifer

5/21/20154 Mature Male: Mature Female: Castrated Male: Bull Cow Steer

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6 Giving Birth: Newly Born: Young Male: Young Female: Lambing Lamb Ram Ewe

5/21/20157 Mature Male: Mature Female: Castrated Male: Ram Ewe Wether

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9 Giving Birth: Newly Born: Young Male: Young Female: Farrowing Piglet Boar Gilt

5/21/ Mature Male: Mature Female: Castrated Male: Boar Sow Barrow

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5/21/ Giving Birth: Newly Born: Young Male: Young Female: Foaling Foal Colt Filly

5/21/ Mature Male: Mature Female: Castrated Male: Stallion Mare Gelding

Goats Caprine – Scientific name Billy – Uncastrated male goat. Wether – Castrated male goat. Nanny – Female goat. Kid – Young goat. Kidding – Act of parturition in goats. Gestation Length – 150 days

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5/21/ Giving Birth: Newly Born: Young Male: Young Female: Laying Chick Cockerel Pullet

5/21/ Mature Male: Mature Female: Castrated Male: Rooster Hen Capon

Rabbits

Lapine – Scientific name Buck – Mature male left in tact Neutered Rabbit – Altered Rabbit Doe – female of any age Bunny – Newborn Kindling – Act of parturition Length of Gestation – Days

Dogs

Canine – Scientific name Sire Dog – Mature male left in tact Neutered Dog – Castrated male Bitch – female of any age Puppy – Newborn Whelping – Act of parturition Length of Gestation – 9 weeks

Cats

Feline – Scientific name Stud or Tom Cat – Mature male left in tact Neutered or Altered Cat – Castrated male Dame – female parent Kitten – Newborn Kindling – Act of parturition Length of Gestation – 63 days

5/21/ Animals that, through selection and breeding, have come to resemble one another and pass on their traits uniformly to their offspring.

5/21/ Beef Breeds What’s the difference between British breeds and continental breeds?

5/21/ Origin: Aberdeen, Scotland Characteristics: Black, some have white bellies, polled* Smooth hair coat Medium frame size Heavy muscled –* Polled: born without horns (genetic trait)

5/21/ Origin: Herefordshire, England Characteristics: Light yellow to cherry red with white belly; thick, curly hair coat Medium frame size Medium muscled

5/21/ Origin: Northern England Characteristics: Color varies, mostly roan (red and white color) Medium to large frame size Medium muscle

5/21/ Origin: South Central France Characteristics: Most commonly red; can be black with lighter eyes and belly Medium to large frame size, long body Heavy muscle

5/21/ Origin: Northwest France Characteristics: Deep red with white markings; most commonly solid black in color Large frame size Heavily muscled

5/21/ Swine Breeds

5/21/ Duroc Origin-New York/New Jersey Ears- Droopy Color- Cherry Red Misc.-Large frame, fast gainers, good mothers, popular breed

5/21/ Hampshire Origin- Kentucky Ears-Erect Color-Black with a white belt Misc.-The “meat breed,” excellent carcass

5/21/ Chester White Origin- Pennsylvania Ears-Droopy Color-White with blue freckles Misc.-good mothers, large frame

5/21/ Yorkshire Origin- England Ears-Erect Color- White Misc.-the mother breed, largest litters

5/21/ Landrace Origin- Denmark Ears-Droopy Color-White Misc.- extremely long body

5/21/ Sheep Breeds

5/21/ Columbia Developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Developed to thrive on Western ranges Produce medium wool and large amounts of meat

5/21/ Hampshire Originated in Hampshire, England Black face and legs Mild demeanor Unbroken wool cap should extend from the neck over the forehead

5/21/ Rambouillet Originated in Spain Shipped to France in 1801 White in color

5/21/ Southdown Developed in England Well suited to farm flock production Gray face with white body Adapted to wet conditions

5/21/ Suffolk Originated in England Most popular breed in the United States today Produce large amounts of meat White with black faces and legs

Breeds of Dairy Cattle 6 major U.S. breeds July 2002

Aryshire Originated in Scotland Originally known as the Dunlop Color: red and white Good feet and legs, Excels in udder conformation Medium-sized frame

Brown Swiss Originated in Switzerland Because of foot and mouth disease, only 3 have been imported since 1906 Good temperament and strong feet and legs Color: gray or light brown to dark brown

Guernsey Originated from the Isle of Guernsey Known for high quality (high fat and protein content) milk while consuming less feed Intermediate frame

Holstein Originated in Europe Large frame Color: black and white or red and white Known for outstanding milk production

Jersey Originated from the Isle of Jersey (small British isle) Color: very light gray to dark brown or almost black Known for high milk fat Wide-range of body weight; typically smaller-framed

Milking Shorthorn Originated in England Color: red, white, red and white, roan Most versatile of all breeds: good producers, good temperament, good calves, good frame

Terminology Objective: –Define terminology related to reproductive management and breeding systems including castration, colustrum, estrus, gestation, lactation and parturition.

Terminology Objective: –Define terminology related to reproductive management and breeding systems including castration, colustrum, estrus, gestation, lactation and parturition.

Terminology Castration –Removing the testicles of the male to prevent breeding Colustrum –First milk Gestation –Time an animal is pregnant

Terminology Estrus –When a female is receptive to be bred Lactation –Period of time that milk is secreted by the mammary glands Parturition –Than act of giving birth

Breeding Systems Objective –Discuss crossbreeding, grading-up, inbreeding, linebreeding, and purebreeding

Breeding Systems Pure Breeding –Registered male and female animals –Angus X Angus

Breeding Systems Cross Breeding –Mating a male and female of different breeds –Angus X Charolais = Crossbreed

Breeding Systems Inbreeding –Mating closely related animals –Brother X Sister –Son X Mother –Father X Daughter

Breeding Systems Linebreeding –Breeding more distant relatives than inbreeding –Cousin X Cousin

Breeding Systems Grading-Up –Mating purebred male (sires) to unregistered or corssbred females (dams) –Yorkshire bore X Yorkshire/Hampshire sow –Hybrid Vigor Superior traits from crossbreeding Offspring are better than parents

Ovulation Rates Ovulation Rates by Species Cow-1 egg per estrus Ewe-1 to 3 eggs per estrus Sow-10 to 20 eggs per estrus Mare-1 egg per estrus Hen-Approx. 28 eggs per month

Reproductive Terminology SpeciesAct Offspring Cowscalvingcalf Eweslambinglamb Sowsfarrowingpig Henshatchingchick Maresfoalingfoal Goatskiddingkid

Reproductive Functions (Female) Gestation and Lactation Periods: SpeciesGestation PeriodLactation(Milking) Cow daysbeef days dairy days Ewe days days Sow days days Mare days days Woman270 days? years

Reproductive Functions (Female) Estrous period length by species: Cow hours Ewe hours Sow hours Mare hours Hens & Womennone

Reproductive Functions of the Female Estrous cycle - time from one heat period (or menstrual cycle) to the next. Length of estrous cycle by species: Cow days Ewe days Sow days Mare days Woman28 days Hennone