Scrapie Program Update Troy Bigelow, DVM U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Veterinary Services National Institute for Animal Agriculture Annual Conference April 1, 2014 Veterinary Services

Program Summary As of the end of fiscal year (FY) 2013, the percent of cull sheep found positive at slaughter and adjusted for face color was percent. This measure of prevalence has decreased by 90 percent since slaughter surveillance started in FY There was an increase in this measure in FY 2013; however, the change was not statistically meaningful due to sample size. 2

Program Summary In December, 2013, the National Scrapie Database was transferred into a new platform. We are currently formatting the reports for surveillance data. Therefore, we can only report certain surveillance data through FY We anticipate the reports will be completed in April,

* Adjusted to exclude multiple positive animals from the same flock. Does not include Nor98- like scrapie cases. The increase in FY 2013 is not statistically meaningful due to sample size. Percent of RSSS Samples that Tested Positive for Classical Scrapie Weighted by Face Color Fiscal Years 2003 to 2013* 4

* Adjusted to exclude multiple positive animals from same flock. Mottled- and white-faced combined. Does not include Nor98-like scrapie cases. The slight increase in FY 2013 is not statistically meaningful due to sample size. Percent of RSSS Samples that Tested Positive for Classical Scrapie by Face Color, Fiscal Year (2003 – 2013)* 5

WY WV WI WA VT VA UT TX TN SD SC RI PA OR OK OH NY NV NM NJ NH NE ND NC MT MS MO MN MI ME MD MA LA KY KS INIL ID IA HI GA FL DE CT CO CA AZ AR AK AL West East States with RSSS collection sites RSSS Sample Collections FY collection sites in 39 states & sent to 12 laboratories 6

Regulatory Scrapie Slaughter Surveillance Number of Samples Collected, FY 2013 BY STATE OF COLLECTION 7

Regulatory Scrapie Slaughter Surveillance Number of Samples Collected, FY 2013 BY STATE OF TAG ORIGINATION 8

Slaughter Surveillance Samples Collected by Month, Fiscal Years 2012 and 2013 Month 9

Surveillance Samples Collected at Slaughter FY * Other Sheep: hair sheep, and those with gray, red, brown, or unknown face color. 10

On-Farm Surveillance Testing by Month and Species FY

WY WV WI WA VT VA UT TX TN SD SC RI PA OR OK OH NY NV NM NJ NH NE ND NC MT MS MO MN MI ME MD MA LA KY KS INIL ID IA HI GA FL DE CT CO CA AZ AR AK AL ≤ 20% % % % % > 100% Percent of Sheep Sampling Minimum Achieved in FY 2013 (RSSS and On-farm Surveillance) 12

WY WV WI WA VT VA UT TX TN SD SC RI PA OR OK OH NY NV NM NJ NH NE ND NC MT MS MO MN MI ME MD MA LA KY KS INIL ID IA HI GA FL DE CT CO CA AZ AR AK AL ≤ 20% % % % % > 100% Percent of Recommended Goat Sampling Minimum Achieved in FY 2013 (RSSS and On-farm Surveillance) 13

* Through February 28, Infected and Source Flocks New Statuses by Year Fiscal Years 1997 to 2014* 14

WY WV WI WA VT VA UT TX TN SD SC RI PA 1 OR 1 OK 1 OH 2 NY NV NM NJ NH NE ND NC MT MS MO MN MI ME MD 1* MA LA KY KS IN IL 2 ID IA 2 HI GA FL DE CT CO CA AZ 1* AR AK AL New source flocks—8 New infected flock—3 New Scrapie Infected and Source Flocks FY 2013 * Goat herd 15

WY WV WI WA VT VA UT TX TN SD SC RI PA OR OK OH 1 NY NV NM NJ NH NE ND NC MT MS MO MN MI ME MA LA KY KS IN IL ID IA 3* HI GA FL DE CT CO CA AZ AR AK AL New infected flocks—3 New source flocks—1 *1 flock has sheep and goats New Scrapie Infected and Source Flocks FY 2014 As of February 28, 2014 MD 16

WY WV WI WA VT VA UT TX TN SD SC RI PA OR 1 OK OH 1 NY NV NM NJ NH NE ND NC MT MS MO MN MI ME MA LA KY KS IN IL 1 ID IA 5 HI GA FL DE CT CO CA AZ AR AK AL Open source flocks—4 Open infected flocks—4 Scrapie Infected and Source Flocks: Open Statuses As of February 28, 2014 MD 17

WY WV WI WA VT VA UT TX TN SD SC RI PA OR OK OH NY NV NM NJ NH NE ND NC MT MS MO MN MI ME MA LA KY KS IN IL ID IA HI GA FL DE CT CO CA AZ AR AK AL Reported by State of ID tag. Collected in FY 2014 and confirmed by March 10, Field cases include animals removed from infected/source flocks, so State totals often include several animals from the same flock. *All goats. Scrapie Confirmed Cases in FY 2014 As of February 28, 2014 Type of Scrapie RSSS Cases Field Cases Total Classical12223 (Nor98-like)(0) Total /14 MD 7* 18 1

WY WV WI WA VT VA UT TX TN SD SC RI PA OR OK OH NY NV NM NJ NH NE ND NC MT MS MO MN MI ME MD – 2 MA LA KY KS IN IL ID IA HI GA FL DE CT CO CA AR AK AL * Most recent positive goat confirmed in February Scrapie Cases in Goats FY 2002 – FY 2014 As of February 28, 2014 Type of Scrapie RSSS Cases Field Cases Total Classical041 (Nor98-like)(0) Total041 AZ *

The Complete Monitored category has been eliminated –Complete category participants who wish to stay in the program have 2 options Join revised Select category –No inspections –Submit specified number of animals for scrapie testing Join the Export category and grandfather in with up to 5 years time in status –Must submit all mature found dead animals –If the flock held “Certified” status in the previous program, APHIS will continue to publish its “Certified” status on our website, in addition to its “Export Monitored” status, for 3 years following the start of the revised program or until it achieves “Export Certified” status, whichever occurs first Revised SFCP 20

Previous SFCP Structure Selective Monitored Complete Monitored Certified Export Monitored Export Certified 94.2%5.4% 0.4% 1,153 Flocks As of 05/31/

Revised SFCP Structure Select Select Monitored Export Export Monitored Export Certified 22

SFCP Participating Flocks by Fiscal Year ( FY 1997 to FY 2014*) * As of January 31, ** The Complete Monitored category (including Certified flocks) was discontinued 06/10/

Scrapie Flock Certification Program: Participating Flocks As of January 31, 2014 Total Enrolled Flocks—439 Export Monitored—190 Export Certified—15 Selective Monitored—234 WY 6 WV 2 WI 20 WA 15 VA 3 UT 4 TX 0 TN-11 SD 6 SC 15 RI-2 PA 44 OR 16 OK 4 OH 4 NY 7 NV 2 NM 3 NJ-11 NE 5 ND 1 NC-13 MT 5 MS 12 MO 3 MN 6 MI 9 ME 17 MD-2 MA-7 LA 6 KY-15 KS 6 IN 30 IL 7 ID 10 IA 6 HI 18 GA 16 FL 16 DE-0 CT-11 CO 1 CA 8 AZ 1 AR 1 AK 1 AL 10 VT 15 NH-5 24

FY 2014 Dockets Proposed rule to revise 9 CFR Parts 54 and 79 Goal is to publish in FY 2014 – pending OMB review Major items –Gives the Administrator authority to relieve requirements for sheep and goats exposed to scrapie types, such as Nor98-like, that do not pose a significant risk of transmission –Increases flexibility in how investigations can be conducted and allows the epidemiology in a specific flock to be given more consideration in determining flock and animal status –Adds a genetic-based approach to the regulation –Makes goat ID requirements similar to sheep to facilitate slaughter surveillance in goats; no changes are planned in the consistent State requirements regarding identification of goats in intrastate commerce 25

FY 2014 Dockets Proposed rule to revise 9 CFR Parts 54 and 79 Major items (continued) –Requires States to meet surveillance goals to remain consistent States –Tightens up the definition of slaughter channels –Expands individual ID requirement to all sexually intact animals unless moving as a group lot (allows mixed-source groups moving in slaughter channels under 18 months) –Limits use of tattoos and implants to animals not moving through concentration points for sale and not in slaughter channels –Establishes recordkeeping requirements similar to current UM&R compliance guidance 26

FY 2014 Dockets Import Sheep and Goats APHIS is drafting a proposed rule for the import of sheep and goats, their embryos, and products, to mitigate risks from scrapie and BSE, which will move the U.S. into closer alignment with OIE guidelines. 27

FY 2014 Dockets Import Sheep and Goats Current thinking—scrapie mitigations –Breeding animals—use OIE standards (i.e., free country or free flock); may allow genetically resistant sheep and genetically less susceptible rams until US reaches near 0 prevalence –Slaughter and feeding for slaughter—use requirements similar to OIE, including requiring an awareness, surveillance and control program, and post entry movement controls to ensure slaughter (similar to the current requirements for Canadian sheep/goats) 28

FY 2014 Dockets Import Sheep and Goats Current thinking—scrapie mitigations –Embryos—similar to OIE standards with additional donor testing requirements –Products – no scrapie restrictions 29

FY 2014 Dockets Import Sheep and Goats Current thinking—BSE mitigations –Apply prohibitions on processed animal proteins such as meat-and-bone meal and greaves derived from ruminants (including that from sheep and goats) from countries that are undetermined or controlled risk for BSE, as provided in the BSE comprehensive rule –Apply same standards to tallow derived from sheep/goats as is applied to tallow derived from cattle –Relieve restrictions on other products 30

NAHMS Sheep Studies 3 rd national sheep study – 1996, 2001, 2011 NAHMS studies are developed with the purpose of providing comprehensive U.S. animal health information –related to disease prevention and control, animal welfare, production, product wholesomeness, environmental considerations, and economic consequences 31

32 22 States represent: 70% farms with 1+ ewes 85% ewe inventory

NAHMS 2011 Sheep Study Summary Four Descriptive Reports on US sheep industry –Part I: Sheep Management Practices –Part II: Marketing and Death Loss –Part III: Health and Management Practices –Part IV: Changes in Health and Production Practices Available at

Questions? 34