3-4 Notes - Asexual Reproduction Chapter 3, Lesson 4

6 Types of Asexual Reproduction 1. Fission 2. Mitotic Cell Division 3. Budding 4. Plant Cuttings 5. Animal Regeneration 6. Cloning

What is Asexual Reproduction? It produces offspring from a single parent without the joining of sperm and egg. The offspring is genetically identical to the parent.

Advantages No time or energy expended finding a mate. Less time to produce offspring. Parent AND offspring are genetically identical, so they are equally well-adapted to the same environmental conditions.

Disadvantages Without 2 parents, there is not much genetic variation. Lack of genetic variation makes offspring more open to attack from disease and changes in the environment. Harmful mutations will be passed to offspring.

Types of Asexual Reproduction Prokaryotes reproduce asexually by cell division that does not involve mitosis. Eukaryotes reproduce asexually by mitosis and cell division.

Fission Bacteria, which have no nucleus, reproduce by a process called fission, which produces two genetically identical cells very rapidly.

Mitotic Cell Division Some single-celled eukaryotes reproduce by mitosis, followed by cell division. Produces 2 identical cells that are each an organism.

Budding Asexual reproduction in which a new organism forms on the parent organism The new organism, a bud, forms by mitosis and cell division, and eventually separates from the parent Example: Some single-cell (yeast) and multicellular eukaryotes (hydra)

Plant Cuttings If you cut a green stem from a houseplant and put it in water, roots and leaves can grow, producing a new plant. Some plants propagate themselves asexually. Examples Strawberry plants and kalanchoe plants

Animal Regeneration Some animals have cells that can change into other cell types. Regeneration is asexual reproduction that produces new animals from pieces of an animal’s body. Regeneration is sometimes used to describe growth that replaces a missing part of an animal. A severed arm regrowing into an entire new sea star.

Cloning Cloning refers to a method of asexual reproduction developed by scientists and performed in laboratories. Cloning produces identical individuals from a cell or cells taken from a multicellular organism.

Plant Cloning

Animal Cloning The first animal to be successfully cloned was a sheep named Dolly, in 1996. Animals cloned in labs are usually not healthy.

3.4 Asexual Reproduction What type of asexual reproduction involves reproduction by cell division only? A fission B budding C regeneration D cloning

A mitotic cell division B cloning C regeneration D budding 3.4 Asexual Reproduction What type of asexual reproduction involves a new organism forming on the parent organism? A mitotic cell division B cloning C regeneration D budding

3.4 Asexual Reproduction What type of asexual reproduction involves producing a new animal from pieces of an animal’s body? A plant cuttings B cloning C regeneration D budding

What is not an advantage of asexual reproduction? A organism does not have to spend time and energy finding a mate B can produce a number of offspring faster than with sexual reproduction C offspring have more genetic variation D parent and offspring are equally well adapted to the same environmental conditions

What type of organism can reproduce asexually by regeneration? SCI 2.a What type of organism can reproduce asexually by regeneration? A human B sea star C bacterium D yeast

3-4 Vocab – Asexual Reproduction text p.151-157 prokaryote asexual reproduction fission budding differentiate regeneration cloning