Breeds and types Of Poultry

Objectives Students will: Identify major breeds of chicken and minor breeds of poultry Describe characteristics of each breed Identify breed purpose

Essential Question 1 (5 points) What purpose(s) do chickens serve?

Fowl (birds) raised on farms and used as food What is poultry? Fowl (birds) raised on farms and used as food

2nd in consumption only to beef Poultry High protein Low fat Economical to eat 2nd in consumption only to beef

Showing- White Crested Black Polish What are they used for? Meat- Plymouth Rock Feathers- Peafowl Eggs- Leghorn Showing- White Crested Black Polish

Purposes of Poultry Dual Purpose Fancy/Ornamental Meat Purpose Table Egg Laying

Use: An egg-type chicken. Origin: city of Leghorn, Italy. Leghorn-Chickens Weighs: 4 lbs. to 6 lbs. Egg Shell Color: White. Use: An egg-type chicken. Origin: city of Leghorn, Italy.

The most numerous breed. Leghorn-Chickens Characteristics: A small, noisy bird, known for being all white in color The most numerous breed.

Rhode Island Red-Chicken Standard Weight: 5 ½ lbs to 8 ½ lbs.  Egg Shell Color: Brown

Rhode Island Red-Chicken Use: Egg production, and meat (Dual Purpose) Origin: Massachuset ts and Rhode Island.

White Crested Black Polish Recognized for its long wattle and head plumage Originated in Poland

White Crested Black Polish Can only see forwards and downwards Considered ornamental/fa ncy

Famous for its fighting skills during the revolutionary war. Blue Hen Famous for its fighting skills during the revolutionary war.

Delaware’s regiment was nicknamed “The Blue Hen Chickens” University of Delaware’s mascot

Any breed of chicken raised specifically for meat. Broiler Any breed of chicken raised specifically for meat. Grown to specific weight and age. Between 5-12 weeks in age.

Most common widespread goose in America is the Canadian Goose Geese Most common widespread goose in America is the Canadian Goose

A group of geese is called a gaggle Large waterfowl in between a swan and ducks.

Selectively bred for large size Turkey Very heavy birds Used for meat Selectively bred for large size

Turkey All turkeys bred for meat must be artificially inseminated because they are so large!

Produce eggs, meat, and feathers (down feathers) Duck Produce eggs, meat, and feathers (down feathers) All duck breeds are descendants of wild mallard China is top duck market

Normally eaten meat and bones Quail Used for meat, eggs Normally eaten meat and bones

Quail Wild Quail that has fed on hemlock, can be toxic to consume causing kidney failure

Birds in this group include; ostrich, emu and kiwi Ratites Flightless !!! Birds in this group include; ostrich, emu and kiwi

Emu’s cannot walk backwards Ratites Emu’s cannot walk backwards Emu oil provides health benefits

Put your name and the date on the top. Define the following words: Vocabulary Sheet Put your name and the date on the top. Define the following words: Poultry Dual Purpose (give breed example)

Table Egg Laying (give breed example) Vocabulary Sheet Table Egg Laying (give breed example) Fancy/ Ornamental (give breed example) Meat Purpose (give breed example)

Broiler Gaggle Ratites Vocabulary Sheet Broiler Gaggle Ratites Turn in when finished. Due at the end of class. Please handle animals when you’re finished.

Library Project Directions: On your own: Library Project Directions: Choose a poultry breed not discussed in class. Provide a picture to the teacher (chosen from the internet) to be posted on the screen while you present.

Compile a profile of your bird. Include: Origin Color characteristics On your own: Library Project Compile a profile of your bird. Include: Origin Color characteristics Average Size Purpose Product from or by the animal Fun Fact

Basic anatomy Of Poultry Please Follow along with your worksheet provided it will be collected at the end of class for a grade worth 10 points

Objectives Label the major parts of poultry anatomy Explain the purpose of specific anatomical differences in digestion anatomy. Discuss the general reproductive anatomy of a hen.

Essential Question 2 (5 points) What are 2 differences between human anatomy and poultry anatomy? Do these differences hold a purpose?

What do you call a mature male? Rooster Vocab to know What do you call a mature male? Rooster What do you call a mature female? Hen What do you call a young female? Pullet

What do you call a castrated male? Capon Chickens [Hatch] Vocab to know What do you call a castrated male? Capon Chickens [Hatch] What is the incubation period? 21 days

Facial features of Poultry

Main Anatomy of Poultry

Digestion system of Poultry

Reproductive System female

Male Reproductive system

Put the date under yesterday’s words. Define the following words: Vocabulary Sheet Put the date under yesterday’s words. Define the following words: Spurs Primary Feathers Crop Gizzard Cloaca Turn in when finished. Due at the end of class.

The Incredible Egg

Hatching Egg hatching Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYLm3S K_vRE

Objectives Label the basic anatomical parts of the egg, and reproductive system of the hen Explain the process of gestation within the egg. Discuss the process of fertilization and egg development. Understand the importance and purpose of gestation. Define the process of incubation and its importance.

Essential Question 3 How do embryos change from fertilization to hatching? (list three main ideas)

Egg- the female germ cell. The egg becomes the embryo. What is an Egg? Egg- the female germ cell. The egg becomes the embryo. Avian egg- bird eggs.

It includes the following: Shell Shell membranes Albumen Yolk What is an Egg? It includes the following: Shell Shell membranes Albumen Yolk Together they protect and nourish.

1.Ovulation- release of mature yolk from the ovary. Egg Formation 1.Ovulation- release of mature yolk from the ovary. 2.Infundibulum- receives the yolk, about 15 minutes spent.

3.Yolk moves into magnum 50% of albumen is added. Takes 3 hours. Egg Formation 3.Yolk moves into magnum 50% of albumen is added. Takes 3 hours. 4.Spends 1.5 hours in the Isthmus. Shell membranes added. 5. Total process takes about 24 hours

Egg Formation

Shell- hard outer surface; calcium Egg Anatomy Shell- hard outer surface; calcium Shell has pores to allow loss of CO2, moisture.

a. Known as Inner and Outer Membrane Egg Anatomy 2. Shell membranes- there are two one next to the shell, and surrounding albumen, yolk. a. Known as Inner and Outer Membrane

3. Air Cell- air space between two shell membranes. Egg Anatomy 3. Air Cell- air space between two shell membranes. 4. Albumen- egg white. 5. Yolk- true egg, if fertilized become embryo.

Egg Anatomy

Egg Gestation and development Artificially keeping an egg warm until hatching. Done in an incubator- artificially heated container.

Egg Gestation and development The incubator must be kept at a certain temperature range 99 to 103 F. Eggs must be turned while incubating -Why do we turn eggs during incubation??

Once they arrive -Temperature = 92-95 degrees under light, 70-75 deg in house -Decrease temp. 5 degrees / week until 60 degrees -Teach how to drink right away

-If chicks are huddled together under light = too cold Once they arrive -If chicks are huddled together under light = too cold -If none are under light = too hot -Should be scattered

Egg gestation How does the yolk sac change throughout gestation?

Pg. 78, true or false, fill in the blanks and discussion questions. Activities Pg. 78, true or false, fill in the blanks and discussion questions.

Put the date under yesterday’s words. Define the following words: Vocabulary Sheet Put the date under yesterday’s words. Define the following words: Ovum Albumen Gestation Yolk Sac Incubation Turn in when finished. Due at the end of class.

Poultry Reproduction

Warm Up What do you see in this picture? What is happening?

Essential Question Give one difference between the mammal and the avian fertilization process.

Young develop outside the mother (hen) Differences Young develop outside the mother (hen)

1. Male places sperm in oviduct of female Process 1. Male places sperm in oviduct of female 2. Male papillae places sperm in the cloacal wall of female

3. Sperm move up the oviduct to the funnel where the egg is fertilized Process 3. Sperm move up the oviduct to the funnel where the egg is fertilized 4. Sperm cells remain in oviduct 2-3 weeks after mating

5. Sperm have full fertilizing ability for about 6 days Process 5. Sperm have full fertilizing ability for about 6 days 6. After then - ability of sperm to fertilize egg is decreased

8. Egg is laid - embryo grows inside the shell Process 7. After yolk is fertilized it moves through the tract where the rest of the egg is added 8. Egg is laid - embryo grows inside the shell

Activity 1. Draw the fertilization process of chickens in your groups. - Include amount of time the sperm takes to travel through the system. -Include all 8 steps. Be CREATIVE! For example, make a cartoon or skit !

Introduction to Poultry Management

Chicken Poo management http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyHNfy L2ruQ

Objectives Describe required management practices and their purpose in poultry health. Evaluate basic parts of poultry nutrition. Define vaccinations and their purpose within the poultry industry.

Essential Question If you were raising chickens, what types of housing, nutrition, or other needs would you have to meet to make your animals happy and healthy?

-Only order what you can house How to get started -Order chicks early -Only order what you can house

10 square inches / chick under light How to get started -Space requirements: 10 square inches / chick under light 25 square inches / chick house space -Chicks shouldn’t be allowed to get more than 3 ft away from light

Requirements: Feeding system Heaters Litter Thermometers Alarm systems Housing Requirements: Heaters Thermometers Humidity Watering system Feeding system Litter Alarm systems Standby equipment

Housing

Vaccinate (hatchery can do this) Management Practices Debeaking: remove 1/3 of the top beak and a small part of the bottom (prevent cannibalism) at 6-8 days old Vaccinate (hatchery can do this)

Management Practices Lighting: birds naturally reproduce in spring, simulate spring, chickens molt (shed feathers) production increases

Maintenance practices

Water: MOST IMPORTANT nutrient Protein Carbohydrates Fats Nutrition Water: MOST IMPORTANT nutrient Protein Carbohydrates Fats Minerals Vitamins Feed Additives: Marigold

Vaccination Marek’s Disease: vaccine given in ovo Symptoms include : paralysis , blindness, gasping Infectious bronchitis: caused by a virus. Prevented through vaccination Symptoms include gasping, decreased feed intake, soft egg shells

Vaccination

Security measures taken to prevent the spread of disease Bio-Security Security measures taken to prevent the spread of disease

Define the following words: Litter Marek’s disease Vocabulary sheet Define the following words: Litter Marek’s disease Vaccination Biosecurity Infectious Bronchitis Turn in when finished. Due at the end of class.

Introduction to the Poultry Industry

What type of management practices do you think are used in this photo? Warm Up What type of management practices do you think are used in this photo?

Objectives Define vertical integration. Label major parts of the poultry industry. Summarize the main processes in poultry product production.

How does vertical integration help chicken producers? Essential Question How does vertical integration help chicken producers?

Collect eggs 2-3 times per day (if hot) Layer Care Collect eggs 2-3 times per day (if hot) Wash eggs immediately in warm water

Refrigerate & keep away from onions & mold Layer Care Refrigerate & keep away from onions & mold Production Goal: 4 lbs feed / dozen eggs Hens produce 7 eggs / 10 days

Layer Industry Over 90% of eggs produced are by layers in cages. The most common grouping is four hens per cage.

Some layers produce brown eggs and some produce white eggs. Layer Industry Some layers produce brown eggs and some produce white eggs.

Layer industry -Most eggs sold in the U.S. are white. -In commercial operations, lighting is used to stimulate the hormonal activity of the hens to increase their production of eggs.

Layer industry -They produce eggs naturally when the days are longer than the nights. -Most operations allow 14 - 15 hours of light per day

Layer Industry -Eggs are coated with a thin coat of mineral oil to prevent carbon dioxide from escaping from within the egg. -Eggs are graded according to size and checked for cracks and interior spots by candling.

Don’t keep in cages (weak bones & bruise easily) Broiler Care Don’t keep in cages (weak bones & bruise easily) Keep light on at night (prevent cannibalism)

Market at 4 1/2 lbs for males, 3 1/2 lbs for females (about 8 weeks) Broiler Care Market at 4 1/2 lbs for males, 3 1/2 lbs for females (about 8 weeks) 2.1 lbs feed / lb of gain

Broiler Industry Most are white Colored birds have pigmentation spots in their skin which is undesirable to the consumer

Kept to certain age, based on weight Broiler Industry Kept to certain age, based on weight ALL IN ALL OUT

All birds are hatched at same time Grow together at same general rate All in ALL out All birds are hatched at same time Grow together at same general rate

All in ALL out All sent to slaughter at same time Entire house disinfected and cleaned New “generation” brought in

Vertical Integration Definition: Several steps in production, from raw materials to final product, are controlled by company or owner.

Vertical Integration

Label each segment (grain mill, slaughter house etc) ACTIVITY Draw on a poster with your group a representation on vertical integration. Label each segment (grain mill, slaughter house etc)

Processing Chicken Primary Processing Secondary

Career opportunities Agronomy Sales Shift supervisor Seed Production Grain Operations Farm Marketer Feed Mill Manager Plant Manager Waste Water Supervisor Barn Supervisor www.mrpoultry.com/opportunities.html

That’s All Folks!!!

Define the following words: Vertical Integration Vocabulary Sheet Define the following words: Vertical Integration Primary Processing (give an example) Secondary Processing (give an example) Turn in when finished. Due at the end of class.

References Modern Livestock & Poultry Production 5th Edition. By James Gillespie. Oklahoma State University- Animal Science department. http://www.ca.uky.edu/agripedia