1 Dentistry Yr 2 Conducted by Jonathan Pradubsook Medical Resource Librarian &

2 Training Objectives Learn how to: construct a search strategy search PubMed & SCOPUS effectively manage search results access full-text articles find full-text articles (use proxy bookmarklet)

3 PubMed Search interface developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at National Library of Medicine (NLM) Provide access to approximately 20 million MEDLINE citations to articles published in biomedical journals, life science journals, and online books

4 SCOPUS Scopus is an abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Contains 47 million records, 70% with abstracts Over 19,500 titles from 5,000 publishers worldwide Includes over 4.9 million conference papers Provides 100% Medline coverage

5 How to Access PubMed 1. Library Portal On Campus & Off Campus Access Benefit: Directly access to full-text articles via electronic journals subscribed by NUS Libraries 2. Google

6 How to Access SCOPUS 1. Library Portal On Campus & Off Campus Access Benefit: Directly access to full-text articles via electronic journals subscribed by NUS Libraries

Resources are for your research and study Avoid excessive photocopying or downloading Copyright violations may have serious consequences COPYRIGHT ACT photocopying and printing:  10% or 1 chapter of book  1 article in a journal issue

8 Basic Search Strategy 1.Define/clarify search topic 2.Identify relevant database(s)  for biomedical research, e.g. PubMed 3.Construct search statement  Identify key concepts (list keywords/synonyms for each concept)  Combine concepts with Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) Brackets (nesting) 4.Run the search 5.Refine search if necessary

9 AND is used to indicate that both terms must be present e.g. A AND B articles containing both A and B OR is used to indicate that either terms maybe present e.g. A OR B articles containing either A or B Boolean Operators AB AB

 Concept A AND Concept B AND Concept C (A1 OR A2 OR A3) AND (B1 OR B2) AND (C1 OR C2 OR C3) Concept A Concept B Concept C Term ‘A1’ OR Term ‘A2’ OR Term ‘A3’ Term ‘C1’ OR Term ‘C2’ OR Term ‘C3’ Term ‘B1’ OR Term ‘B2’ AND Question: Relationship between A, B and C? “Block Building”

 (vaccination) AND (autism)  (vaccination OR immunization OR vaccines) AND (autism OR autistic OR kanner’s syndrome) vaccination autism vaccination OR immunization OR vaccines autism OR autistic OR kanner’s sydrome “ Block Building” “ Block Building” AND Is vaccination related to autism?

Search Statement 12 Topic (vaccination OR immunization OR vaccine*) AND (autism OR autistic OR Kanner’s syndrome) Search Statement Concepts Keywords Is vaccination related to autism? vaccinationautism immunizationautistic Vaccine*Kanner’s syndrome

Truncation 13 Vaccine* - vaccine, vaccines… Vaccin* - vaccination,vaccinations, vaccinator, vaccinating… Vac* - vacation, vaccine… vacuum, vacuole… Take Note: PubMed only searches the first 600 variations

14 Example “fluoride and cavities” Topic Keywords concepts Search Statement ( fluoride* OR fluoridation) AND ( cavities OR dental caries) fluoridecavities fluorides fluoridation fluorine dental caries

SCOPUS 15

16 Navigating Around PubMed

17 My NCBI

18 PubMed Search 1. Keyword Search 2. MeSH Search [Year 2] Major MesH 3. Field Search by author, title

Keyword Search 19

20 Hands-on – PubMed Keyword Search 1.Type fluoride. Click Go. Click Clear. 2.Type fluoride* OR fluoridation OR fluorine. Click Go. Click Clear. 3.Type cavities OR dental caries. Click Go. Click Clear.

21 Advanced Search

Search History / Combine Search 22

Search History / Combine Search 23

Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) 24 Medicine's controlled vocabulary used for indexing articles for MEDLINE/PubMed Provides a consistent way to retrieve information

Keyword versus MeSH Search KeywordMeSH Broader, less preciseMore specific Retrieves all kinds of records, including the latest (as supplied by publisher) Retrieves citations indexed with MeSH terms (time lag, older) Useful there is no MeSH term available to represent the concept Consistent way to retrieve information that may use different terminology for the same concept 25

Comparing Keyword, MeSH and Major MeSH Searches 26 keyword Major MeSH MeSH broadest, least precise, current narrowest, most precise, slightly dated Outside scope of tutorial. See 3-min video Searching with MesH Database et/mesh/searching/mesh1.html et/mesh/searching/mesh1.html Refine e.g. Field searching

MeSH Search – Finding Valid MeSH Search for valid MeSH for concept 1 27 Valid MeSH terms with definitions

MeSH – Tip: Restrict to Major MeSH 28 Tick checkbox

Entry Terms in MeSH Database 29 If you need to expand your search consider these synonyms in keyword search

Refine a Search using Filters 30 Located at the left side of the search results Choose suitable filters depending on what you are looking for Select additional filters if necessary Most commonly used: Article Types, Language

Display Results Display Results in Abstract format 31

Collect desired citations in clipboard 32 Managing Search Results Access clipboard from search history - #0

33 Locate Full-text Articles 1.If you accessed PubMed from the Library Portal, click on publisher icon

2.Use full journal title to check LINC – get full title by mousing over journal abbreviation in PubMed or click on title or use Journals in NCBI Databases 3.Use the proxy bookmarklet Access Full Text

35 Google leukemia stem cells Can you get access to the full text articles? 57http:// 57 Library Proxy Bookmarklet

Review search history and pick best search for alerts to new results 36 Create Search Alerts

37 Search Alerts

Save your search 38 Search Alerts - settings

Set your settings for your search alert 39 Search Alerts - settings

40 Search Alerts - settings Manage your saved searches by clicking on “My NCBI” to access the NCBI dashboard

41 Academic Honesty - Avoid Plagiarism Acknowledge ideas & sources used – cite them. Lecturers can use Turn-it-in software to check if any student has copied his work. More about plagiarism

42 Avoid Plagiarism – Cite Properly Avoid Plagiarism : NUS Honour CodeNUS Honour Code Acknowledge intellectual debt Lend support to arguments by referring to authoritative sources Help readers verify your claims Show research done

43 For General Queries, Contact: Information : (65) Loans: (65) Medical / Science Library Information Desk Telephone : Website: Medical Resource Librarians: Ong Hong Kiat Lee Seok Hong Jonathan Pradubsook Chew Shu Wen Ratnala Sukanya Contact us Use E-form at to Schedule an advisory session