SmartER Semantic Cloud Sevices Karuna P Joshi University of Maryland, Baltimore County Advisors: Dr. Tim Finin, Dr. Yelena Yesha

Agenda Introduction and Motivation Service lifecycle Collaboration with IBM Collaboration with NIST

Cloud Computing : The present New paradigm for IT services delivery ▫IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, ……, XaaS Focus is on “virtualizing” resources ▫Great progress in dynamic provisioning at hardware resource level ▫Software/Service is still relatively statically provisioned Gaps in current work ▫Lack of Cloud “service engineering” ▫Managing the entire lifecycle automatically

Future Vision for Cloud Virtualized Services on the Cloud ▫Service dynamically composed - On Demand composition ▫Service structure/components not pre-determined ▫Multiple provisioning. Moving from totally manual to mostly automatic ▫needed if we truly want to leverage the cloud and service virtualization capabilities and efficiencies

Key Open Research Issues Current cloud research focused on ▫Improving cloud infrastructure – Virtual machines, Cloud OS etc. ▫Semantic description of services, and even some composition work Limited research on how to use the cloud services efficiently ▫Most steps in service negotiation, acquisition, and consumption/monitoring still require significant human intervention Difficult to manage service quality especially of composed services created by different providers

Key Contributions of My Dissertation A semantically rich, policy-based framework can be used to automate the lifecycle of virtualized services on the cloud ▫Use semantic web languages/technologies 1.Proposed an integrated lifecycle of virtualized services on the Cloud 2.Negotiation for cloud service acquisition by constraint relaxation 3.Service quality framework

Service Lifecycle Methodology Our proposed methodology divides Service processes Lifecycle on the Cloud into Five Phases ▫Requirements, Discovery, Negotiation, Composition and Consumption This Methodology is applicable on any cloud deployment. We have developed high level ontologies for the five phases that enables automation. ▫available in OWL at

Phases of IT Services Lifecycle Service Requirements Service Discovery Service Negotiation Service Composition Service Consumption SERVICE CLOUD CONSUMER Service delivered Contract signed Provider(s) identified Service specified New Service needed

Service Requirements Requirements for a service will include Functional specifications (tasks to be automated) Technical Policy specifications Human Agent Policy Security Policy Data Quality Policy Service Compliance Policy

High Level Ontology for Requirements Phase

Service Discovery Services search/discovery engine used to search available services that match the specifications Identify gaps that exist in services discovered A central registry, similar to UDDI, will certify a service provided.

High Level Ontology for Discovery Phase

Service Negotiation Discussion and agreement that the Service provider and consumer have regarding the Service. Service Level Agreements (SLA) finalized between consumer and provider Quality of Service (QoS) decided between primary provider and component providers.

High Level Ontology for Negotiation Phase

Service Composition Phase One or more services provided by one or more providers are combined and delivered as a single Service SLA and QoS finalized in the negotiation phase used for determining service components and it’s orchestration or the sequence of execution of these components We reuse OWL-S ontology

High Level Ontology for Composition Phase Class : Service Refers to Class: Service Level Agreement  SLA Name  Description  SLA Metrics  Penalty Class : Quality of Service (QOS)  QOS Name  Description  QOS Metrics  Penalty Class: Dependent Service Class: Specification  Name  Description Determines Class: Provider  Service list  Description composes Class : OWL-S – Composite Process part of Class : Service Contract Class : Dependent Service Sub- Contract Refers to Part of

Service Consumption Phase Composed Service is consumed and monitored in this phase Key measures like Service Performance and reliability are monitored using automated tools. ▫SLA, QoS determine performance of the service Phase includes Service Delivery, Service payment Customer Satisfaction is tracked in this phase

High Level Ontology for Service Consumption Phase

Collaboration with NIST US government agency NIST working on standardizing cloud computing ▫Member of Reference architecture and Taxonomy groups Prototype for NIST ▫Automation of Cloud Storage Service acquisition, consumption /monitoring. ▫Using Service lifecycle Ontologies developed by us. ▫Platform: using SPARQL, RDF, Web technologies – Perl, HTML. ▫NIST Cloud Computing workshop, Nov

Some Policies/Constraints … Cloud security – would like to mandate policies at the Cloud hardware level Data security policies US government compliance policies ▫User authentication policy : FIPS is a standard used to accredit cryptographic modules. ▫Trusted Internet Connection mandated to optimize individual external connections. Want to be interoperable across Cloud platforms

Cloud Provider 3 Prototype Architecture User Interface Cloud Service Procurer module Translate to machine process able format Cloud SLA negotiation Final SLA Virtual Service Instance (Eucalyptus/Bluegrit) Virtual Service Instance (Eucalyptus/Bluegrit) Joseki SPARQL endpoint Cloud Provider 2 Joseki SPARQL endpoint Virtual Service Instance (Eucalyptus/Bluegrit) Virtual Service Instance (Eucalyptus/Bluegrit) Respond Service URI Service Cloud Provider 1 Joseki SPARQL endpoint Virtual Service Instance (Eucalyptus/Bluegrit) Virtual Service Instance (Eucalyptus/Bluegrit) Discover service Rfs description SLA description SLA description Cloud user

NIST prototype demo

IBM collaboration : Future directions Collaborating with Dr. Rindos and his team Looking for cloud interfaces to validate Framework and Ontology

Summary For broader adoption of cloud computing, we need to automate cloud service processes Developed an integrated methodology to acquire, consume and monitor services on the cloud. Future work: working on more complex acquisition/negotiation policies from some international financial organizations, etc. Ontologies in public domain. Publications available at

Detailed Processes: Service Life cycle Identify functional and technical specifications Determine domain, data type and it’s acceptable quality levels “Request for Service” SERVICE CLOUD CONSUMER Service Discovery Engine List of service providers with advertised service, service levels and cost Service Certification Quality of Service (QoS) contracts between primary service providers and dependent services Service Level Agreement (SLA) between consumer and primary service provider Service composed Dependant services Service packaged, delivered – one time or periodically as needed Service payment Service consumed Service Monitoring