ACCREDITATION OF MEDICAL SCHOOLS IN THE PHILIPPINES Coralie Therese D. Dimacali, MD Associate Dean for Academic Development College of Medicine University of the Philippines Manila

Outline Concept of Accreditation History of Accreditation of Medical Schools in the Philippines Accreditation Process Levels of Accreditation Benefits of Accreditation Impact of Accreditation

Accreditation A quality assurance mechanism wherein educational institutions and their academic program offerings are evaluated by an external body to determine if set standards are met

Accreditation in the Philippines In the Philippines, accreditation is generally voluntary in nature % (484/2247) of higher education institutions (HEIs) accredited by CHED 26.31% (10/38) medical schools accredited 2/38 candidates 7/38 applicants

Accreditation a concept based on self-regulation which focuses on evaluation and the continuing improvement of educational quality. a process by which institutions or programs continuously upgrade their educational quality and services through self-evaluation and the judgment of peers. a status granted to an educational institution or program which meets commonly accepted standards of quality or excellence.

Aims of Accreditation To stimulate medical schools to formulate their plans for change and quality improvement To safeguard medical practice and manpower utilization through well defined standards

NATIONAL Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Philippine Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAASCU) Association of Philippine Medical Colleges (APMC) Best practices of medical schools Accreditation standards

REGIONAL Association for Medical Education in the Western Pacific Region (AMEWPR) GLOBAL World Federation for Medical Education (WFME) Accreditation standards

Accrediting Agencies for the Private Sector ACCREDITING AGENCIES YEAR ESTABLISHED Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAASCU) 1957 Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities - Commission on Accreditation (PACU-COA) 1973 Association of Christian Schools, Colleges and Universities Accrediting Agency, Inc. (ACSCU-AAI) 1976

Accrediting Agencies for the Public Sector ACCREDITING AGENCIES YEAR ESTABLISHED Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines, Inc. (AACCUP) 1987 Association of Local Colleges and Universities Commission on Accreditation (ALCUCOA) 2003

CHED FAAPNNQAA ACSCU-AAI PAASCU PACU-COA AACCUPALCUCOA CHED-RECOGNIZED ACCREDITATION SYSTEM (CMO.1, s. 2005)

PAASCU BOARD OF TRUSTEES GRADE SCHOOL MEDICAL EDUCATION HIGH SCHOOL TERTIARY EDUCATION GRADUATE PROGRAMS PAASCU COMMISSIONS BASIC EDUCATION

Founding Member, Asia-Pacific Quality Network (APQN) established in member agencies and institutions from 30 countries

Founding Member: International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education (INQAAHE) since 1991 Membership: 200 accrediting agencies from over a hundred countries

Certified by the U.S. Department of Education National Committee for Foreign Medical Education Accreditation (NCFMEA) until 2017 Comparable to standards used to accredit US Medical Schools

BANGLADESH American International University-Bangladesh SAMOA Oceania University of Medicine THAILAND NIVA International School BAHRAIN Philippine School (Bahrain) INDONESIA Universitas Gadjah Mada

History of Accreditation (MD) 1957 – Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAASCU) organized 1967 – Association of Philippine Medical Colleges (APMC) established 1999 – APMC-PAASCU worked on the accreditation process for the M.D. Program 2001 – PAASCU created the Commission on Medical Education

History of Accreditation (MD) 2001 – An M.D. is elected to the PAASCU Board of Trustees 2003 – UP: First M.D. Program to receive formal accreditation 2004 – UERM: 2 nd M.D. Program to be accredited 2007 – CIM: 3 rd M.D. Program to be accredited

PAASCU Accreditation Process

Areas Evaluated 1. Mission and Objectives 2. Faculty 3. Curriculum and Instruction 4. Clinical Training/Service Facilities 5. Research 6. Students 7. Library 8. Administration 9. Physical Plant and Other Resources

CHED Accreditation Levels StatusDescription CandidateSubmitted preliminary survey Level IInitial accreditation, 3 years Level IIFormal accreditation, 5 years Level IIIRe-accreditation, 5 years Level IVRe-accreditation, 5 years

CHED Accreditation Levels StatusDescription Level III Re-accredited Meets first 2 criteria plus any 2 of the rest: HIGH STANDARD OF INSTRUCTION HIGHLY VISIBLE RESEARCH TRADITION Highly visible community program Strong faculty development Highly creditable licensure exam performance Working Consortia or Linkages Extensive library and learning resources

CHED Accreditation Levels StatusDescription Level IV Very high quality academic programs Prestige and authority Comparable to excellent foreign universities Excellent outcomes in: Research Teaching and Learning Community Service and Social Upliftment International Linkages and Consortia Planning Processes

Accreditation Benefits STATUSBENEFITS Level I Full administrative and financial deregulation Priority for grants and funding assistance Authority to revise curriculum Authority to graduate students Right to use the word “Accredited” in advertisements/publications Level II

Accreditation Benefits STATUSBENEFITS Level III All the benefits for Levels I,II Curricular deregulation Privilege to offer distance education and extension classes for Level III courses and to participate in transnational education Level IV All the above benefits Grant of charter or Full autonomy for the program Award of grants/subsidies from the CHED’s Higher Education Development Fund (HEDF)

MEDICAL SCHOOLSSTATUS 1. University of the Philippines Manila IV 2 University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Inc. IV 3. Cebu Institute of Medicine II 4. Oceania University of Medicine (Apia, Samoa) I 5. University of Santo Tomas I 6. Xavier University – Dr. Jose P. Rizal College of Medicine, Cagayan de Oro I 7. De La Salle – Health Sciences Institute Dasmariñas, Cavite I 8. Far Eastern University – Dr. Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation, Quezon City I 9. Saint Louis University, Baguio City I 10 Davao Medical School Foundation, Davao City I PAASCU Accredited Medical Schools

MEDICAL SCHOOLSSTATUS West Visayas State University Candidate Ateneo de ZamboangaCandidate PAASCU Candidate Medical Schools

PAASCU Applicant Medical Schools 1. Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City 2. MCU-Filemon D. Tanchoco Memorial Foundation, Inc., Caloocan City 3. Silliman University Medical School, Dumaguete City 4. Southwestern University, Cebu City 5. Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela City 6. University of St. La Salle, Bacolod City 7. Central Philippine University, Iloilo City 8. Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Impact of Accreditation Improved quality of medical education Better student/graduate outcomes Better quality of care for patients Published research lacking

Medical education accreditation in Mexico and the Philippines: impact on student outcomes. van Zanten M 1, McKinley D, Durante Montiel I, Pijano CVvan Zanten MMcKinley DDurante Montiel IPijano CV Objective: Investigate the USMLE performance of ECFMG applicants based on medical school PAASCU accreditation status. Med Educ 2012 Jun;46(6):

RESULTS School Accreditation Status First attempt pass rate Step 1Step 2 Clinical Knowledge Step 2 Clinical Skills Non- Accredited 31.2% N = % N = % N = 284 Candidate for Accreditation 34.8% N = % N = % N = 145 Accredited 63.7% N = % N = % N = 1084 First attempt USMLE pass rates by school accreditation status

Results: Applicants from accredited schools were more likely to pass all USMLE exams on the first attempt as compared to applicants from non-accredited schools. Applicants from candidate for accreditation schools performed similarly to applicants from non-accredited schools. Medical education accreditation in Mexico and the Philippines: impact on student outcomes. van Zanten M 1, McKinley D, Durante Montiel I, Pijano CVvan Zanten MMcKinley DDurante Montiel IPijano CV Med Educ 2012 Jun;46(6):

Medical education accreditation in Mexico and the Philippines: impact on student outcomes. van Zanten M 1, McKinley D, Durante Montiel I, Pijano CVvan Zanten MMcKinley DDurante Montiel IPijano CV Results: For USMLE Step 1, attending an accredited school was associated with increases in first attempt pass rates of 15.9% for Mexican citizens and 29.2% for Philippine citizens. Med Educ 2012 Jun;46(6):

Medical education accreditation in Mexico and the Philippines: impact on student outcomes. van Zanten M 1, McKinley D, Durante Montiel I, Pijano CVvan Zanten MMcKinley DDurante Montiel IPijano CV Results: In registrants from the Philippines who took all three examinations, attending an accredited medical school was also associated with increased success in obtaining ECFMG certification. Med Educ 2012 Jun;46(6):

Medical education accreditation in Mexico and the Philippines: impact on student outcomes. van Zanten M 1, McKinley D, Durante Montiel I, Pijano CVvan Zanten MMcKinley DDurante Montiel IPijano CV Conclusion: These findings support the value and usefulness of accreditation in Mexico and the Philippines by linking accreditation to improved student outcomes. Med Educ 2012 Jun;46(6):

Summary Accreditation of medical schools in the Philippines is in its infancy. Accreditation is voluntary. PAASCU is the accrediting agency tasked to accredit medical schools in the Philippines. Accreditation status of medical schools appears to correlate with student outcomes.

Acknowledgements Dr. Ramon Arcadio Vice President, PAASCU Chairman, PAASCU Commission on Medical Education Dr. Jose Cueto Examiner, Board of Medicine Professional Regulation Commission Philippines

UP MEDICAL ALUMNI FUND (UPMAF) in collaboration with UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES MANILA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE COLLEGE OF NURSING COLLEGE OF PHARMACY presents 1 st

1 st ASEAN Patient Safety Congress, Manila, Philippines (June 24-26, 2015) Coinciding activities: UPCM Grand Scientific Symposium Annual ASEAN Medical Schools Deans Meeting Annual ASEAN Medical Schools Research Network

Scientific Program Plenary Sessions – Basic Concepts and Principles of Patient Safety, – Safety culture, – Patient Safety Management Strategies – Ethico-legal issues in Patient Safety – Patient & Family Engagement Parallel Symposia – Teamwork & Effective Communication – Safety Across the Continuum of Care Infection Control Medication Errors Safety in Invasive Procedures – Patient Safety in Education and Health Care Management

Scientific Program Consensus Building Statement and Guiding Principles for Patient Safety in the ASEAN region Free paper sessions